Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia.
Shimadzu-UM Centre of Xenobiotic Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Molecules. 2020 May 16;25(10):2335. doi: 10.3390/molecules25102335.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are widely used in products, and are known for their water and grease repellent properties. The persistence nature and potential toxicity of these substances have raised substantial concerns about health effects. Regarding humans, food consumption has reportedly been a significant source of exposure for both compounds. Hence, this study was performed to develop and validate an analytical method for PFOS and PFOA in egg yolks using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by the determination of concentration of both compounds in the yolk of poultry eggs in Malaysia. A total of 47 poultry egg yolk samples were extracted by a simple protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile. The analytical method was developed using LC-MS/MS and validated based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Bioanalytical Method Validation guidelines. The results revealed that PFOS was quantitatively detected in six samples, with the concentration range between 0.5 and 1.01 ng g. Among these, five samples were from home-produced chicken eggs, and one sample was from a quail egg. The levels of PFOA in all samples were below the quantifiable limit (<0.1 ng g). This indicated that the contamination of PFCs in poultry eggs were mostly attributed to the nature of free foraging animals, which had direct contact with the contaminants in soil and feed. In conclusion, a fast and robust analytical method for analyzing PFOS and PFOA in egg yolk samples using LC-MS/MS was successfully developed and validated. The presence of these emerging contaminants in this study signified widespread pollution in the environment.
全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）广泛应用于各种产品，以其防水和防油特性而闻名。这些物质具有持久性和潜在毒性，引起了人们对其健康影响的极大关注。就人类而言，据报道，这两种化合物的主要暴露来源是食物摄入。因此，本研究旨在开发和验证一种使用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）测定蛋黄中 PFOS 和 PFOA 的分析方法，并测定马来西亚家禽鸡蛋蛋黄中这两种化合物的浓度。总共提取了 47 个家禽蛋黄样品，采用乙腈简单的蛋白质沉淀技术进行提取。该分析方法是使用 LC-MS/MS 开发的，并根据食品和药物管理局（FDA）的生物分析方法验证指南进行了验证。结果表明，有 6 个样品中定量检测到 PFOS，浓度范围在 0.5 至 1.01 ng g 之间。其中 5 个样品来自家庭养殖的鸡蛋，1 个样品来自鹌鹑蛋。所有样品中 PFOA 的含量均低于可定量限（<0.1 ng g）。这表明家禽鸡蛋中 PFCs 的污染主要归因于自由觅食动物的本性，这些动物直接接触土壤和饲料中的污染物。总之，成功开发并验证了使用 LC-MS/MS 分析蛋黄样品中 PFOS 和 PFOA 的快速、稳健的分析方法。本研究中这些新兴污染物的存在表明环境中存在广泛的污染。
