George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, 17B Ipitou Street, 10557 Athens, Greece.
Institute of Public Health, The American College of Greece; 17B Ipitou Street, 10557 Athens, Greece.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 27;17(7):2248. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072248.
Following the recent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) illness outbreak, the current review aimed to collect all related clinical cases for study and analysis and provide a critical synopsis of the proposed injury mechanism. Adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines, e-cigarette-related clinical cases were identified via Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Additionally, references of published case reports and previous review papers were manually searched, revealing 159 publications presenting e-cigarette-related case reports and 19 reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 238 individual cases were identified; 53% traumatic injuries due to e-cigarette explosion or self-combustion, 24% respiratory cases, and 12% poisonings. Additional cases pertained to oral, cardiovascular, immunologic, hematologic, allergic reactions, infant complications, and altered medication levels. Case reports were mainly published between 2016-2019 (78%). The oldest case, a lipoid pneumonia, was published in 2012. The current review showed that e-cigarette-related health effects extend beyond the acute lung injury syndrome, including traumatic, thermal injuries and acute intoxications. Physicians should be aware of the distinct clinical presentations and be trained to respond and treat effectively. Regulators and public health authorities should address the regulatory gap regarding electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and novel tobacco products.
在最近的电子烟（e-cigarette）疾病爆发后，本次综述旨在收集所有相关临床病例进行研究和分析，并对提出的损伤机制进行批判性概述。根据 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南，通过 Google Scholar 和 PubMed 数据库确定了与电子烟相关的临床病例。此外，还手动搜索了已发表病例报告和先前综述论文的参考文献，共发现了 159 篇电子烟相关病例报告和美国疾病控制与预防中心的 19 份报告。共确定了 238 例个体病例；53%是由于电子烟爆炸或自燃引起的创伤性损伤，24%是呼吸道疾病，12%是中毒。其他病例涉及口腔、心血管、免疫、血液、过敏反应、婴儿并发症和药物水平改变。病例报告主要发表在 2016-2019 年（78%）。最早的病例是 2012 年发表的脂性肺炎。本次综述表明，电子烟相关的健康影响不仅限于急性肺损伤综合征，还包括创伤性、热损伤和急性中毒。医生应该了解其独特的临床表现，并接受培训以有效应对和治疗。监管机构和公共卫生当局应解决电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）和新型烟草产品的监管空白。
