Yang Ya, Zhou Yi-Biao, Xiao Peng-Lei, Shi Yan, Chen Yue, Liang Song, Yihuo Wu-Li, Song Xiu-Xia, Jiang Qing-Wu
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2017 Jan 9;6(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0223-9.
Cryptosporidium spp. is an important intestinal protozoan causing diarrhea in humans, livestock, and wild animals. Cryptosporidium infection remains a major public health issue, but its epidemiology in humans is still unclear, particularly in rural China. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in a rural southwestern Chinese community.
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 687 residents of a small town in a Yi autonomous prefecture of southwest China in 2014. Blood samples were examined using a broad set of quality-controlled diagnostic methods for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Stool specimens were processed using the modified acid-fast staining method, and microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium infection. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection.
The majority of the participants were Yi people with poor living conditions and unsatisfactory hygiene habits, and the study area was of very low socioeconomic status. Of the 615 individuals included in the analysis, 14 (2.3%) were HIV positive, 51 (8.3%) were infected with HBV, and 74 (12.0%) had Cryptosporidium infection. The prevalences of HIV/HBV, HIV/Cryptosporidium, and HBV/Cryptosporidium co-infections were 0.3%, 0.3%, and 1.8%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in individuals with Cryptosporidium infection (χ = 5.00, P = 0.03). Owning livestock or poultry was an important risk factor for Cryptosporidium infection (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01-5.08, P < 0.05). Cryptosporidium infection was significantly associated with HBV infection (aOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.47-7.92, P < 0.01), but not with HIV infection (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.07-4.39, P = 0.59).
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection was high in the rural area of southwestern China that was investigated, and there was a significant association between HBV infection and Cryptosporidium infection. Further investigations are needed to determine the significance of Cryptosporidium infection in patients infected with HBV.
隐孢子虫属是一种重要的肠道原生动物，可导致人类、家畜和野生动物腹泻。隐孢子虫感染仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，但其在人类中的流行病学情况仍不清楚，尤其是在中国农村地区。本研究旨在确定中国西南部一个农村社区隐孢子虫感染的患病率及其相关危险因素。
2014年，在中国西南部一个彝族自治州的一个小镇的687名居民中进行了一项基于社区的横断面调查。使用一系列针对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的质量控制诊断方法对血样进行检测。粪便标本采用改良抗酸染色法处理，并在显微镜下检查是否存在隐孢子虫感染。进行单变量和多变量分析以确定与隐孢子虫感染相关的危险因素。
大多数参与者为彝族，生活条件差且卫生习惯不佳，研究地区的社会经济地位非常低。在纳入分析的615名个体中，14人（2.3%）HIV呈阳性，51人（8.3%）感染了HBV，74人（12.0%）感染了隐孢子虫。HIV/HBV、HIV/隐孢子虫和HBV/隐孢子虫合并感染的患病率分别为0.3%、0.3%和1.8%。隐孢子虫感染患者中HBV感染的患病率更高（χ² = 5.00，P = 0.03）。饲养家畜或家禽是隐孢子虫感染的一个重要危险因素（调整后比值比[aOR]=2.27，95%置信区间[CI]：1.01 - 5.08，P < 0.05）。隐孢子虫感染与HBV感染显著相关（aOR = 3.42，95% CI：1.47 - 7.92，P < 0.01），但与HIV感染无关（aOR = 0.57，95% CI：0.07 - 4.39，P = 0.59）。
在本研究调查的中国西南部农村地区，隐孢子虫感染的患病率较高，且HBV感染与隐孢子虫感染之间存在显著关联。需要进一步调查以确定隐孢子虫感染在HBV感染患者中的意义。
