Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Department of Immunology, Shanghai Key laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 29;21(7):2357. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072357.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in fine-tuning host immune homeostasis and responses through the negative regulation of mRNA stability and translation. The pathways regulated by miRNAs are well characterized, but the precise mechanisms that control the miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression during immune cell-development and immune responses to invading pathogens are incompletely understood. Context-specific interactions of miRNAs with other RNA species or proteins may modulate the function of a given miRNA. Dysregulation of miRNA function is associated with various human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Here, we review the potential modulators of miRNA function in the immune system, including the transcription regulators of miRNA genes, miRNA-processing enzymes, factors affecting miRNA targeting, and intercellular communication.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）通过负调控 mRNA 的稳定性和翻译，在精细调节宿主免疫稳态和反应方面发挥着关键作用。miRNAs 调控的途径已经得到很好的描述，但控制 miRNA 介导的免疫细胞发育和对入侵病原体的免疫反应过程中基因表达调控的确切机制尚不完全清楚。miRNAs 与其他 RNA 种类或蛋白质的特定相互作用可能会调节特定 miRNA 的功能。miRNA 功能的失调与各种人类疾病有关，如心血管疾病和癌症。在这里，我们综述了免疫系统中 miRNA 功能的潜在调节剂，包括 miRNA 基因的转录调控因子、miRNA 加工酶、影响 miRNA 靶向的因素以及细胞间通讯。
