Comparison of Ethanol Yield Coefficients Using , , and Adapted to High Concentrations of Galactose with as Substrate.

The red seaweed has been used for the production of bioethanol. Pretreatment for monosaccharide production was carried out with 12% (w/v) slurry and 500 mM HNO at 121°C for 90 min. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with a mixture of commercial enzymes (Cellic C-Tec 2 and Celluclast 1.5 L; 16 U/ml) at 50°C and 150 rpm for 48 h. was composed of 66.9% carbohydrates. In this study, 61.0 g/L monosaccharides were obtained from 120.0 g dw/l . The fermentation inhibitors such as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid, and formic acid were produced during pretreatment. Activated carbon was used to remove HMF. Wildtype and adaptively evolved , , and were used for fermentation to evaluate ethanol production.