Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom.
Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Apr;177:104940. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104940. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
The use of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary research intends to include livestock keepers and other local stakeholders in research processes and the development of solutions to animal health problems, including potentially zoonotic diseases. It can also be an attempt to bring some of the methods and insights of social science into a discipline largely shaped by natural science methods and ways of seeing the world. The introduction of participatory methodologies to veterinary epidemiology and disease surveillance follows a wider movement in development thinking, questioning the top-down nature of much post-second world war development efforts directed from the Global North towards the Global South. In the best cases, participatory methods can help to empower the poor and marginalised to participate in and have some control over research and interventions which affect them. Compiled from experience in multi-disciplinary One Health projects, this paper briefly traces the rise of participatory epidemiology before examining some of the limitations observed in its implementation and steps that might be taken to alleviate the problems observed. The three areas in which the operationalisation of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary and One Health research could be improved are identified as: broadening the focus of engagement with communities beyond quantitative data extraction; taking note of the wider power structures in which research takes place, and questioning who speaks for a community when participatory methods are used. In particular, the focus falls on how researchers from different disciplines, including veterinary medicine and the social sciences, can work together to ensure that participatory epidemiology is employed in such a way that it improves the quality of life of both people and animals around the world.
参与式流行病学在兽医研究中的应用旨在让牲畜饲养者和其他当地利益相关者参与到研究过程中，并共同制定解决动物健康问题（包括潜在的人畜共患病）的方案。这也可以尝试将社会科学的一些方法和见解引入主要由自然科学方法和世界观塑造的学科中。参与式方法在兽医流行病学和疾病监测中的引入，是发展思维广泛转变的一部分，该转变质疑了二战后许多由北方国家向南方国家主导的发展工作自上而下的性质。在最好的情况下，参与式方法可以帮助贫困人口和边缘群体参与并对影响他们的研究和干预措施施加一定的控制。本文从多学科的“同一健康”项目的经验中总结了参与式流行病学的兴起，然后考察了在实施过程中观察到的一些局限性，并提出了一些可能采取的措施来缓解所观察到的问题。确定了在兽医和“同一健康”研究中实施参与式流行病学可以改进的三个领域：将与社区的接触重点从定量数据提取扩大到更广泛的参与；注意研究所在的更广泛的权力结构，并在使用参与式方法时质疑谁代表社区发言。特别是，本文重点关注来自不同学科的研究人员，包括兽医和社会科学，可以如何共同努力，以确保参与式流行病学的运用能够提高全世界人民和动物的生活质量。
