Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, 58a Banbury Rd, Oxford, OX2 6QS, United Kingdom.
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Aug;258:113107. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113107. Epub 2020 Jun 13.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a growing global health threat. The Stockholm Paradigm suggests that their toll will grow tragically in the face of climate change, in particular. The best research protocol for predicting and preventing infectious disease emergence states that an urgent search must commence to identify unknown human and animal pathogens. This short communication proposes that the ethnobiological knowledge of indigenous and impoverished communities can be a source of information about some of those unknown pathogens. I present the ecological and anthropological theory behind this proposal, followed by a few case studies that serve as a limited proof of concept. This paper also serves as a call to action for the medical anthropology community. It gives a brief primer on the EID crisis and how anthropology research may be vital to limiting its havoc on global health. Local knowledge is not likely to play a major role in EID research initiatives, but the incorporation of an awareness of EIDs into standard medical anthropological practice would have myriad other benefits.
新发传染病（EIDs）是日益严重的全球健康威胁。斯德哥尔摩范式表明，在气候变化面前，尤其是在气候变化面前，它们的代价将悲惨地增加。预测和预防传染病发生的最佳研究方案指出，必须紧急开始寻找未知的人类和动物病原体。本简讯提出，土著和贫困社区的民族生物学知识可以成为一些未知病原体信息的来源。我提出了这一建议背后的生态学和人类学理论，随后介绍了几个案例研究，作为概念验证的有限证据。本文也是对医学人类学界的行动呼吁。它简要介绍了 EID 危机以及人类学研究如何对限制其对全球健康的破坏至关重要。地方知识不太可能在 EID 研究计划中发挥主要作用，但将对 EID 的认识纳入标准医学人类学实践将有无数其他好处。
