Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
Institute for International Animal Health / One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Sep;69(5):e3370-e3378. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14642. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
To honour the 100 years anniversary of the first publication about African swine fever (ASF) a webinar with a particular focus on disease control in the smallholder sector was organized. This article is based on the webinar, summarizing the early history of ASF research, reflecting on the current global disease situation and bringing forward some suggestions that could contribute towards achieving control of ASF. The first description of ASF by R. Eustace Montgomery in 1921 laid the foundations for what we know about the disease today. Subsequent research confirmed its association with warthogs and soft ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex. During the latter half of the 21st century, exponential growth of pig production in Africa has led to a change in the ASF-epidemiology pattern. It is now dominated by a cycle involving domestic pigs and pork with virus spread driven by people. In 2007, a global ASF epidemic started, reaching large parts of Europe, Asia and the Americas. In Europe, this epidemic has primarily affected wild boar. In Asia, wild boar, smallholders and industrialized pig farms have been affected with impact on local, national and international pig value chains. Globally and historically, domestic pigs in smallholder settings are most frequently affected and the main driver of ASF virus transmission. Awaiting a safe and efficacious vaccine, we need to continue focus on other measures, such as biosecurity, for controlling the disease. However, smallholders face specific challenges linked to poverty and other structural factors in implementing biosecurity measures that can prevent spread. Improving biosecurity in the smallholder sector thus remains an important tool for preventing and controlling ASF. In this regard, interdisciplinary research can help to find new ways to promote safe practices, facilitate understanding and embrace smallholders' perspectives, engage stakeholders and adjust prevention and control policies to improve implementation.
为纪念首次发表关于非洲猪瘟（ASF）的论文 100 周年，组织了一次网络研讨会，重点关注小农部门的疾病控制。本文基于该网络研讨会，总结了 ASF 研究的早期历史，反思了当前的全球疾病形势，并提出了一些建议，这些建议可能有助于实现 ASF 的控制。R. Eustace Montgomery 于 1921 年首次描述 ASF 为今天我们所了解的该疾病奠定了基础。随后的研究证实，ASF 与疣猪和软蜱的 Ornithodoros moubata 复合物有关。在 21 世纪后半叶，非洲猪产量的指数级增长导致 ASF 流行病学模式发生了变化。现在，它由一个涉及家猪和猪肉的循环主导，病毒传播由人驱动。2007 年，一场全球 ASF 疫情爆发，波及欧洲、亚洲和美洲的大部分地区。在欧洲，这场疫情主要影响野猪。在亚洲，野猪、小农和工业化养猪场受到影响，对当地、国家和国际猪肉价值链造成影响。在全球和历史上，小农环境中的家猪最常受到影响，是 ASF 病毒传播的主要驱动因素。在等待安全有效的疫苗的同时，我们需要继续关注其他措施，如生物安全，以控制该疾病。然而，小农在实施可防止传播的生物安全措施方面面临着与贫困和其他结构性因素相关的具体挑战。因此，改善小农部门的生物安全仍然是预防和控制 ASF 的重要工具。在这方面，跨学科研究可以帮助找到促进安全实践、促进理解和接受小农观点、吸引利益相关者以及调整预防和控制政策以提高实施效果的新方法。
