Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 31;17(7):2350. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072350.
The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in body composition and the physical and physiological profile of handball youths across age categories, and (2) to analyze the mediation effect of different categories on the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and specific physical handball capacities. Fifty-four young handball players aged 13 to 18 were assigned to U14 (13- and 14-year-olds), U16 (15- and 16-year-olds), and U18 (17- and 18-year-olds). Body composition was measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Inbody®, 230). Handball physical fitness was assessed using handgrip force, jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with aimed arms), a 30-m sprint, a change-of-direction test (T-half agility test and modified Illinois test), and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Simple mediation analysis was performed to analyze whether the category mediated the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and physical capacities. No significant differences were observed according to category for the majority of the measured parameters, except for height, lean body mass, and arm span. Lean body mass increased significantly as player category increased ( < 0.05; = 4.66-9.38; effect size (ES) = 0.96-1.92). The increase in handball category enhanced the majority of the physical capacities evaluated; however, these differences were reduced between the U16 vs. U18 categories. The indirect mediation effect suggests that handball category mediated the relationship between lean mass and upper and lower strength, velocity, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In contrast, an indirect effect suggests that category mediated the relationship between fat mass only in agility and cardiorespiratory fitness. We conclude that U18s showed better body composition parameters, as well as better physical performance scores. Handball category clearly mediated the relationship between body composition through lean mass and fat mass and the physiological profile in handball youth, but lean mass proved to be more relevant when mediating physical performance.
(1)确定不同年龄组手球青少年的身体成分以及身体和生理特征的差异；(2)分析不同类别在手球青少年瘦体重或脂肪质量与特定身体手球能力之间的关系中的中介作用。将 54 名年龄在 13 至 18 岁的年轻手球运动员分为 U14（13 岁和 14 岁）、U16（15 岁和 16 岁）和 U18（17 岁和 18 岁）。使用多频生物电阻抗（Inbody®，230）测量身体成分。使用握力、跳跃测试（深蹲跳、反向跳、带目标臂的反向跳）、30 米冲刺、变向测试（T 半敏捷测试和改良伊利诺伊州测试）和 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复测试水平 1 评估手球体能。进行简单中介分析，以分析类别是否在手球青少年的瘦体重或脂肪质量与身体能力之间的关系中起中介作用。除身高、瘦体重和臂展外，大多数测量参数在大多数类别中没有观察到显著差异。随着运动员类别的增加，瘦体重显著增加（<0.05；=4.66-9.38；效应量（ES）=0.96-1.92）。手球类别的增加增强了评估的大多数身体能力；然而，U16 与 U18 之间的这些差异减少了。间接中介效应表明，手球类别中介了瘦体重与上下肢力量、速度、敏捷性和心肺功能之间的关系。相反，间接效应表明，类别仅在手球青少年的敏捷性和心肺功能方面中介了脂肪质量与上述关系。我们得出的结论是，U18 显示出更好的身体成分参数，以及更好的身体表现分数。手球类别显然通过瘦体重和脂肪质量以及手球青少年的生理特征来介导身体成分与身体表现之间的关系，但瘦体重在手球青少年的身体表现中介中更相关。
