School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University; Montreal, QC H3J1Y5, Canada.
Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation de Montréal Métropolitain (CRIR); Montreal, QC H3S1M9, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 31;17(7):2378. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072378.
Workplace participation of individuals with disabilities continues to be a challenge. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) places importance on the environment in explaining participation in different life domains, including work. A scoping review was conducted to investigate environmental facilitators and barriers relevant to workplace participation for transition-aged young adults aged 18-35 with brain-based disabilities. Studies published between 1995 and 2018 were screened by two reviewers. Findings were categorized into the ICF's environmental domains: Products and technology/Natural environment and human-made changes to environment, Support and relationships, Attitudes, and Services, systems and policies. Out of 11,515 articles screened, 31 were retained. All environmental domains of the ICF influenced workplace participation. The majority of the studies (77%) highlighted factors in the Services, systems and policies domain such as inclusive and flexible systems, and well-defined policies exercised at the organizational level. Social support mainly from family, friends, employers and colleagues was reported as a facilitator (68%), followed by physical accessibility and finally, the availability of assistive technology (55%). Attitudes of colleagues and employers were mostly seen as a barrier to workplace participation (48%). Findings can inform the development of guidelines and processes for implementing and reinforcing policies, regulations and support at the organization level.
残疾人的工作场所参与仍然是一个挑战。《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）在解释不同生活领域（包括工作）的参与情况时，非常重视环境的作用。本研究进行了范围综述，以调查与 18-35 岁患有脑性残疾的过渡成年年轻人的工作场所参与相关的环境促进因素和障碍。由两位评审员筛选了 1995 年至 2018 年期间发表的研究。研究结果分为 ICF 的环境领域：产品和技术/自然环境和人为改变环境、支持和关系、态度以及服务、系统和政策。在筛选出的 11515 篇文章中，有 31 篇被保留。ICF 的所有环境领域都影响了工作场所的参与。大多数研究（77%）强调了服务、系统和政策领域的因素，例如包容性和灵活的系统，以及在组织层面实施的明确政策。主要来自家庭、朋友、雇主和同事的社会支持被报道为促进因素（68%），其次是物理可达性，最后是辅助技术的可用性（55%）。同事和雇主的态度大多被视为工作场所参与的障碍（48%）。研究结果可以为制定在组织层面实施和加强政策、法规和支持的指南和流程提供信息。
