Centre for Disability Research and Policy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 26;19(15):9082. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159082.
Employment is an important social determinant of health and wellbeing. People with disability experience labour market disadvantage and have low labour force participation rates, high unemployment rates, and poor work conditions. Environmental factors are crucial as facilitators of or barriers to participation for people with disability. Understanding how the physical, social, and economic characteristics of local areas influence employment for people with disability can potentially inform interventions to reduce employment inequalities. We conducted a scoping review of research investigating associations between area-level environmental factors and employment for people with disability. Eighteen articles published between 2000 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted to map the current evidence. Area-level factors were categorised into six domains relating to different aspects of environmental context: socioeconomic environment, services, physical environment, social environment, governance, and urbanicity. The urbanicity and socioeconomic environment domains were the most frequently represented (15 and 8 studies, respectively). The studies were heterogeneous in terms of methods and data sources, scale and type of geographic units used for analysis, disability study population, and examined employment outcomes. We conclude that the current evidence base is insufficient to inform the design of interventions. Priorities for future research are identified, which include further theorising the mechanisms by which area-level factors may influence employment outcomes, quantifying the contribution of specific factors, and interrogating specific factors underlying the association between urbanicity and employment outcomes for people with disability.
就业是健康和幸福的一个重要社会决定因素。残疾人在劳动力市场上面临劣势，劳动力参与率低、失业率高、工作条件差。环境因素是残疾人参与的促进因素或障碍，这一点至关重要。了解当地环境的物理、社会和经济特征如何影响残疾人的就业情况，可能有助于为减少就业不平等提供干预措施。我们对研究环境因素与残疾人就业之间关系的研究进行了范围界定审查。符合纳入标准的文章有 18 篇，发表于 2000 年至 2020 年之间，我们提取了数据以绘制当前的证据图。环境因素分为六个与环境背景的不同方面相关的领域：社会经济环境、服务、物理环境、社会环境、治理和城市化。城市化和社会经济环境领域的研究最多（分别为 15 项和 8 项研究）。这些研究在方法和数据源、用于分析的地理单位的规模和类型、残疾研究人群以及所研究的就业结果等方面存在差异。我们得出结论，当前的证据基础不足以为干预措施的设计提供信息。确定了未来研究的重点，包括进一步理论化环境因素可能影响就业结果的机制，量化特定因素的贡献，以及探讨城市化与残疾人就业结果之间关联背后的具体因素。
