Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
Tri-City Academic Laboratory Animal Centre - Research & Services Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 20;12(3):824. doi: 10.3390/nu12030824.
The Western diet can lead to alterations in cardiac function and increase cardiovascular risk, which can be reproduced in animal models by implementing a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanism of these alterations is not fully understood and may be dependent on alterations in heart lipid composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an HFD on the fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids, as well as of various lipid fractions in the heart, and on heart function. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD or standard laboratory diet. The FA composition of chow, serum, heart and skeletal muscle tissues was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cardiac function was evaluated by ultrasonography. Our results showed an unexpected increase in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) and a significant decrease in monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in the heart tissue of mice fed the HFD. For comparison, no such effects were observed in skeletal muscle or serum samples. Furthermore, we found that the largest increase in PUFAs was in the sphingolipid fraction, whereas the largest decrease in MUFAs was in the phospholipid and sphingomyelin fractions. The hearts of mice fed an HFD had an increased content of triacylglycerols. Moreover, the HFD treatment altered aortic flow pattern. We did not find significant changes in heart mass or oxidative stress markers between mice fed the HFD and standard diet. The above results suggest that alterations in FA composition in the heart may contribute to deterioration of heart function. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is the alteration of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fatty acid profile, which may change the physical properties of these lipids. Since phospho- and sphingolipids are the major components of cell membranes, alterations in their structures in heart cells can result in changes in cell membrane properties.
西方饮食可导致心脏功能改变和心血管风险增加，这种改变可通过给予高脂肪饮食（HFD）在动物模型中重现。然而，这些改变的机制尚未完全阐明，可能取决于心脏脂质组成的改变。本研究旨在评估 HFD 对总脂质以及心脏各脂质部分的脂肪酸（FA）组成和心脏功能的影响。C57BL/6 小鼠给予 HFD 或标准实验室饮食。通过气相色谱-质谱法测量膳食、血清、心脏和骨骼肌组织中的 FA 组成。通过超声心动图评估心脏功能。我们的结果显示，给予 HFD 的小鼠心脏组织中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）意外增加，而单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）显著减少。相比之下，在骨骼肌或血清样本中未观察到这种作用。此外，我们发现 PUFAs 的增加主要发生在鞘脂部分，而 MUFA 的减少主要发生在磷脂和鞘磷脂部分。给予 HFD 的小鼠心脏的三酰基甘油含量增加。此外，HFD 处理改变了主动脉血流模式。我们未发现给予 HFD 和标准饮食的小鼠之间心脏质量或氧化应激标志物有显著变化。上述结果表明，心脏中 FA 组成的改变可能导致心脏功能恶化。这种现象的可能机制是鞘脂和磷脂在脂肪酸谱中的改变，这可能改变这些脂质的物理性质。由于磷酯和鞘脂是细胞膜的主要成分，因此它们在心脏细胞中的结构改变可导致细胞膜性质的改变。
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