University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, United States.
University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109364. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109364. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Air pollution has consistently been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes, although associations with obesity have only been recently reported. Studies of air pollution and adiposity have mostly relied on body mass index (BMI) rather than body fat percentage (BF%), and most have not accounted for noise as a possible confounder. Additionally, it is unknown whether genetic predisposition for obesity increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of air pollution. To help fill these gaps, we used the UK Biobank, a large, prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom, to explore the relationship between air pollution and adiposity, and modification by a polygenic risk score for BMI. We used 2010 annual averages of air pollution estimates from land use regression (NO, NO, PM, PM, PM, PM), traffic intensity (TI), inverse distance to road (IDTR), along with examiner-measured BMI, waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and impedance measures of BF%, which were collected at enrollment (2006-2010, n = 473,026) and at follow-up (2012-2013, n = 19,518). We estimated associations of air pollution with BMI, WHR, and BF% at enrollment and follow-up, and with obesity, abdominal obesity, and BF%-obesity at enrollment and follow-up. We used linear and logistic regression and controlled for noise and other covariates. We also assessed interactions of air pollution with a polygenic risk score for BMI. On average, participants at enrollment were 56 years of age, 54% were female, and 32% had completed college or a higher degree. Almost all participants (~95%) were white. All air pollution measures except IDTR were positively associated with at least one continuous measure of adiposity at enrollment. However, NO was negatively associated with BMI but positively associated with WHR at enrollment, and IDTR was also negatively associated with BMI. At follow-up (controlling for enrollment adiposity), we observed positive associations for PM with BMI, PM with BF%, and TI with BF% and BMI. Associations were similar for binary measures of adiposity, with minor differences for some pollutants. Associations of NO, NO, PM, PM and PM, with BMI at enrollment, but not at follow-up, were stronger among individuals with higher BMI polygenic risk scores (interaction p <0.05). In this large, prospective cohort, air pollution was associated with several measures of adiposity at enrollment and follow-up, and associations with adiposity at enrollment were modified by a polygenic risk score for obesity.
空气污染一直与心脏代谢结果有关，尽管肥胖与空气污染的关联最近才被报道。空气污染与肥胖的研究主要依赖于体重指数（BMI）而不是体脂肪百分比（BF%），而且大多数研究都没有考虑噪声作为可能的混杂因素。此外，遗传易感性是否会增加对空气污染致肥胖作用的敏感性尚不清楚。为了帮助填补这些空白，我们使用英国生物银行（UK Biobank），这是英国的一项大型前瞻性队列研究，探索了空气污染与肥胖之间的关系，以及 BMI 多基因风险评分的修饰作用。我们使用了来自土地利用回归（NO、NO、PM、PM、PM、PM）、交通强度（TI）、距离道路的倒数（IDTR）的 2010 年年度空气污染估计值，以及在登记时（2006-2010 年，n=473026）和随访时（2012-2013 年，n=19518）测量的 BMI、腰臀比（WHR）和 BF%的阻抗测量值。我们估计了空气污染与登记时和随访时的 BMI、WHR 和 BF%，以及与登记时和随访时的肥胖、腹部肥胖和 BF%-肥胖的关联。我们使用线性和逻辑回归，并控制了噪声和其他协变量。我们还评估了空气污染与 BMI 多基因风险评分的相互作用。平均而言，参与者在登记时的年龄为 56 岁，54%为女性，32%完成了大学或更高学位。几乎所有参与者（约 95%）都是白人。除 IDTR 外，所有空气污染指标都与登记时至少一种连续的肥胖指标呈正相关。然而，NO 与 BMI 呈负相关，但与 WHR 呈正相关，IDTR 也与 BMI 呈负相关。在随访时（控制登记时的肥胖），我们观察到 PM 与 BMI、PM 与 BF%和 TI 与 BF%和 BMI 呈正相关。二元肥胖指标的相关性相似，一些污染物的相关性略有不同。NO、NO、PM、PM 和 PM 与登记时的 BMI 相关，但与随访时的 BMI 不相关，在 BMI 多基因风险评分较高的个体中（交互 p<0.05）更强。在这项大型前瞻性队列研究中，空气污染与登记时和随访时的几种肥胖指标有关，而与登记时肥胖的相关性受肥胖多基因风险评分的修饰。
