Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
BMC Med. 2023 Feb 21;21(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02783-0.
Evidence linking air pollution to major depressive disorder (MDD) remains sparse and results are heterogeneous. In addition, the evidence about the interaction and joint associations of genetic risk and lifestyle with air pollution on incident MDD risk remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of various air pollutants with the risk of incident MDD and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and lifestyle influence the associations.
This population-based prospective cohort study analyzed data collected between March 2006 and October 2010 from 354,897 participants aged 37 to 73 years from the UK Biobank. Annual average concentrations of PM, PM, NO, and NO were estimated using a Land Use Regression model. A lifestyle score was determined based on a combination of smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, television viewing time, sleep duration, and diet. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was defined using 17 MDD-associated genetic loci.
During a median follow-up of 9.7 years (3,427,084 person-years), 14,710 incident MDD events were ascertained. PM (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.26; per 5 μg/m) and NO (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; per 20 μg/m) were associated with increased risk of MDD. There was a significant interaction between the genetic susceptibility and air pollution for MDD (P-interaction < 0.05). Compared with participants with low genetic risk and low air pollution, those with high genetic risk and high PM exposure had the highest risk of incident MDD (PM: HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.23-1.46). We also observed an interaction between PM exposure and unhealthy lifestyle (P-interaction < 0.05). Participants with the least healthy lifestyle and high air pollution exposures had the highest MDD risk when compared to those with the most healthy lifestyle and low air pollution (PM: HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.92-2.58; PM: HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.78-2.45; NO: HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.82-2.46; NO: HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.97-2.64).
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with MDD risk. Identifying individuals with high genetic risk and developing healthy lifestyle for reducing the harm of air pollution to public mental health.
将空气污染与重度抑郁症（MDD）联系起来的证据仍然很少，结果也存在异质性。此外，关于遗传风险和生活方式与空气污染对 MDD 发病风险的相互作用和联合关联的证据仍不清楚。我们旨在研究各种空气污染物与 MDD 发病风险的关联，并评估遗传易感性和生活方式是否会影响这些关联。
本基于人群的前瞻性队列研究分析了来自英国生物库（UK Biobank）的 354897 名年龄在 37 至 73 岁之间的参与者在 2006 年 3 月至 2010 年 10 月期间收集的数据。使用土地利用回归模型估算 PM、PM、NO 和 NO 的年平均浓度。基于吸烟、饮酒、体育活动、看电视时间、睡眠时间和饮食的组合来确定生活方式评分。使用 17 个与 MDD 相关的遗传位点定义多基因风险评分（PRS）。
在中位随访 9.7 年（3427084 人年）期间，共确定了 14710 例 MDD 事件。PM（HR：1.16，95%CI：1.07-1.26；每 5μg/m）和 NO（HR：1.02，95%CI：1.01-1.05；每 20μg/m）与 MDD 发病风险增加相关。遗传易感性和空气污染之间存在显著的交互作用（P-交互作用<0.05）。与低遗传风险和低空气污染的参与者相比，高遗传风险和高 PM 暴露的参与者发生 MDD 的风险最高（PM：HR：1.34，95%CI：1.23-1.46）。我们还观察到 PM 暴露与不健康生活方式之间存在交互作用（P-交互作用<0.05）。与具有最健康生活方式和低空气污染的参与者相比，具有最不健康生活方式和高空气污染物暴露的参与者发生 MDD 的风险最高（PM：HR：2.22，95%CI：1.92-2.58；PM：HR：2.09，95%CI：1.78-2.45；NO：HR：2.11，95%CI：1.82-2.46；NO：HR：2.28，95%CI：1.97-2.64）。
长期暴露于空气污染与 MDD 风险相关。识别具有高遗传风险的个体并养成健康的生活方式，以降低空气污染对公众心理健康的危害。
