School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(16):19251-19264. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08582-x. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
This study examines the impacts of economic growth, energy consumption, tourism, and natural resources on the ecological footprint in the ASEAN countries for spanning from 1995 to 2016. For this purpose, the cross-sectional dependent test, the second-generation unit root test, and the Westerlund cointegration test have been applied. The Driscoll-Kraay panel regression model has been used to check the long-run relationship among the series. Also, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test is used to determine the paths of causal interactions. These tests help to overcome the problem of cross-sectional dependence in panel data analysis. The results showed an inverted U-shaped EKC behavior in ASEAN countries, hence a negative relation between tourism and natural resources with the ecological footprint. This implies that tourism and natural resources help to improve the environmental quality in ASEAN countries.
本研究考察了 1995 年至 2016 年期间，经济增长、能源消耗、旅游和自然资源对东盟国家生态足迹的影响。为此，应用了横截面相依检验、第二代单位根检验和 Westerlund 协整检验。使用 Driscoll-Kraay 面板回归模型来检验序列之间的长期关系。此外，还使用 Dumitrescu-Hurlin 面板因果关系检验来确定因果关系的路径。这些检验有助于解决面板数据分析中的横截面相关性问题。结果表明，东盟国家存在倒 U 型 EKC 行为，因此旅游和自然资源与生态足迹之间存在负相关关系。这意味着旅游和自然资源有助于提高东盟国家的环境质量。
