Lead-induced oxidative stress and role of antioxidant defense in wheat ( L.).

The aim of this study was to investigate soil lead pollution on biochemical properties and gene expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes in three wheat cultivars (Morvarid, Gonbad and Tirgan) at flag leaf sheath swollen stage. Lead (Pb(NO)) was used at four different concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg of soil). The leaf and roots samples were taken at late-booting stage (Zadoks code, GS: 45). The results showed that lead heavy metal toxicity increased the expression of some genes and the activity of key enzymes of the antioxidant defense system in wheat. Moreover, the cell oxidation levels (MDA, LOX) enhanced under lead stress conditions. The relative gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes ( and ) increased significantly in the both leaves and root tissues under lead stress conditions. The level of gene expression and enzymatic activity were higher in the root than the leaf tissue. There was no significant difference among cultivars in each of lead concentrations but Morvarid and Tirgan cultivars had more tolerance to toxic concentrations of lead when compared to Gonbad cultivar.