Guerrero-Garzón Jaime Felipe, Zehl Martin, Schneider Olha, Rückert Christian, Busche Tobias, Kalinowski Jörn, Bredholt Harald, Zotchev Sergey B
Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Mar 18;11:437. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00437. eCollection 2020.
Actinomycete bacteria from marine environments represent a potential source for new antibiotics and anti-tumor drugs. Ten strains belonging to the genus isolated from the marine sponge collected at the bottom of the Trondheim fjord (Norway) were screened for antibiotic activity. Since only few isolates proved to be bioactive in the conditions tested, we decided to gain an insight into their biosynthetic potential using genome sequencing and analysis. Draft genomes were analyzed for the presence of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) using antiSMASH software. BGCs specifying both known and potentially novel secondary metabolites were identified, suggesting that these isolates might be sources for new bioactive compounds. The results of this analysis also implied horizontal transfer of several gene clusters between the studied isolates, which was especially evident for the lantibiotic- and thiopeptide-encoding BGCs. The latter implies the significance of particular secondary metabolites for the adaptation of to the spatially enclosed marine environments such as marine sponges. Two bioactive isolates, one showing activity against both yeast and , and one only against yeast were analyzed in details, leading to the identification of cycloheximide, linearmycins, and echinomycins that are presumably responsible for the observed bioactivities.
来自海洋环境的放线菌是新型抗生素和抗肿瘤药物的潜在来源。对从挪威特隆赫姆峡湾底部采集的海洋海绵中分离出的属于该属的10个菌株进行了抗生素活性筛选。由于在测试条件下只有少数分离株具有生物活性，我们决定通过基因组测序和分析来深入了解它们的生物合成潜力。使用antiSMASH软件分析草图基因组中次生代谢物生物合成基因簇（BGC）的存在情况。鉴定出了指定已知和潜在新型次生代谢物的BGC，这表明这些分离株可能是新生物活性化合物的来源。该分析结果还暗示了所研究的分离株之间几个基因簇的水平转移，这在编码羊毛硫抗生素和硫肽的BGC中尤为明显。后者意味着特定次生代谢物对于适应空间封闭的海洋环境（如海洋海绵）的重要性。对两个具有生物活性的分离株进行了详细分析，一个对酵母和[此处原文缺失一种微生物名称]均有活性，另一个仅对酵母有活性，从而鉴定出了可能导致观察到的生物活性的放线菌酮、线性霉素和棘霉素。
