Antwi Janet, Lavin Rebecca, Sullivan Stacey, Bellavia Maria
1Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Human Ecology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Prairie View A&M University, 100 University Dr, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA.
2Department of Human Ecology, Nutrition and Dietetics, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY USA.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020 Mar 30;12:25. doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-00535-1. eCollection 2020.
Detecting early type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors may reduce or prevent the development of the disease. We conducted a pilot study to generate preliminary data on the perception of T2D and further determined the prevalence of T2D risk factors among college students at an upstate New York campus.
Metabolic profiles were available for 44 college students for cross-sectional analysis. The American Diabetes Association screening guidelines were used to determine risk factors, and perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and self-efficacy were determined with the Health Belief Model's constructs. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, nutrition knowledge, and metabolic profiles were obtained.
The most common T2D risk factors were lack of physical activity (61.4%), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, 56.8%), high fasting blood glucose (FBG, 45.5%), family history of T2D (43.2%), increased body mass index (BMI, 36.4%), and high blood pressure (15.9%). A high proportion (70%) of participants with detected impaired FBG perceived they were at low risk of developing T2D. Participants with a family history of T2D (mean rank = 24.2) perceived the seriousness of T2D at a similar level as those without family history (mean rank = 21.2), with no significant difference (U = 205, = 0.430). Nearly 30% of students did not feel confident they could prevent the development of T2D. Pearson's correlations revealed direct relationships between perceived risk of T2D and BMI ( = 0.49, = 0.001), fat mass percent ( = 0.51, < 0.001), and waist circumference ( = 0.42, = 0.005), and an inverse relationship was found with HDL-c ( = - 0.41, = 0.005). The association of perceived risk of T2D with a family history of T2D revealed a trend toward significance (Chi-squared = 5.746, = 0.057), and the association of perceived risk of T2D with physical activity was not significant (Chi-squared = 1.520, = 0.468). The nutrition knowledge score was 74.32 ± 15.97 (recommended is > 75). However, knowledge scores regarding recommended intake of fruits, vegetables, high sodium foods, and whole grains to prevent T2D were only 36.36%, 34.09%, 47.73%, and 63.6%, respectively.
The discordance between college students' perceived risk and prevalence of T2D risk factors warrants strategies to address misperceptions of T2D risk and improve lifestyle behaviors among this study sample.
检测早期2型糖尿病（T2D）风险因素可能会减少或预防该疾病的发生。我们开展了一项试点研究，以获取关于T2D认知的初步数据，并进一步确定纽约州北部一个校园内大学生中T2D风险因素的患病率。
44名大学生的代谢谱可用于横断面分析。采用美国糖尿病协会的筛查指南来确定风险因素，并运用健康信念模型的结构来确定感知易感性、感知严重性和自我效能。获取了社会人口统计学和人体测量数据、营养知识以及代谢谱。
最常见的T2D风险因素为缺乏体育活动（61.4%）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）降低（56.8%）、空腹血糖（FBG）升高（45.5%）、T2D家族史（43.2%）、体重指数（BMI）增加（36.4%）以及高血压（15.9%）。在检测出空腹血糖受损的参与者中，很大一部分（70%）认为自己患T2D的风险较低。有T2D家族史的参与者（平均秩次 = 24.2）对T2D严重性的认知与无家族史者（平均秩次 = 21.2）相似，差异无统计学意义（U = 205，P = 0.430）。近30%的学生对自己能够预防T2D的发生缺乏信心。Pearson相关性分析显示，T2D感知风险与BMI（r = 0.49，P = 0.001）、体脂百分比（r = 0.51，P < 0.001）和腰围（r = 0.42，P = 0.005）呈正相关，与HDL-c呈负相关（r = -0.41，P = 0.005）。T2D感知风险与T2D家族史之间的关联显示出显著趋势（卡方 = 5.746，P = 0.057），而T2D感知风险与体育活动之间的关联无统计学意义（卡方 = 1.520，P = 0.468）。营养知识得分是74.32 ± 15.97（推荐得分 > 75）。然而，关于预防T2D的水果、蔬菜、高钠食物和全谷物推荐摄入量的知识得分分别仅为36.36%、34.09%、47.73%和63.6%。
大学生对T2D风险的认知与T2D风险因素患病率之间的不一致，需要采取策略来解决对T2D风险的误解，并改善本研究样本中的生活方式行为。
