Liu Mingli, Zhang Jie, Kamper-DeMarco Kimberly E, Hu Elwin, Yao Shuqiao
Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, Country.
Department of Sociology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA.
PeerJ. 2020 Mar 25;8:e8775. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8775. eCollection 2020.
The body of literature regarding the associations between physical activity and psychological problems lacks consensus. Moreover, the role of gender has been scarcely investigated. The present study sought to fill the gap in the data by examining the associations, if any, between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), psychological problems, and self-harm behaviors based on different biological genders (male-female).
A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure MVPA and multiple psychological problems, including depression and anxiety; general emotion, behavior, and social problems; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); conduct problems; and self-harm behaviors. Participants were a nationally representative sample of Chinese high school students ( = 13, 349). A multiple logistic regression analysis of MVPA, stratified by gender, was conducted on the risk of psychological problems and self-harm behaviors in the total sample.
For boys, a high frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression (OR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.57-0.81]) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.53-0.96]) compared to the reference group. The moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.56-0.94]) compared to the reference group. For girls, both MVPA groups were associated with a lower risk of depression (moderate MVPA: OR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.70-0.94]; high MVPA: OR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.54-0.83]) compared to the reference group. High MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ADHD (OR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.37-0.89]) compared to the reference group. Only moderate frequency of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of ODD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.64-0.97]).
MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD in a gender-specific and MVPA frequency-specific manner. This implies that for specific psychological issues, PA interventions that are modified based on gender and frequency of MVPA may be more effective than PA interventions without these considerations.
关于体育活动与心理问题之间关联的文献尚无定论。此外，性别因素的作用鲜有研究。本研究旨在通过考察中度至剧烈体育活动（MVPA）、心理问题和自我伤害行为之间基于不同生物性别的关联（若存在）来填补数据空白。
采用自填式问卷来测量MVPA以及多种心理问题，包括抑郁和焦虑；一般情绪、行为和社会问题；注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）；对立违抗障碍（ODD）；品行问题；以及自我伤害行为。参与者是具有全国代表性的中国高中生样本（n = 13349）。对总样本中MVPA按性别分层，就心理问题和自我伤害行为的风险进行多元逻辑回归分析。
对于男孩，与参照组相比，高频率的MVPA与较低的抑郁风险（比值比[OR] = 0.68，95%置信区间[CI][0.57 - 0.81]）和焦虑风险（OR = 0.71，95% CI[0.53 - 0.96]）相关。与参照组相比，中度频率的MVPA与较低的ADHD风险（OR = 0.73，95% CI[0.56 - 0.94]）相关。对于女孩，与参照组相比，两个MVPA组都与较低的抑郁风险相关（中度MVPA：OR = 0.81，95% CI[0.70 - 0.94]；高MVPA：OR = 0.67，95% CI[0.54 - 0.83]）。与参照组相比，高MVPA与较低的ADHD风险（OR = 0.58，95% CI[0.37 - 0.89]）相关。仅中度频率的MVPA与较低的ODD风险（OR = 0.79，95% CI[0.64 - 0.97]）相关。
MVPA以性别特异性和MVPA频率特异性的方式与较低的抑郁、焦虑、ADHD和ODD风险相关。这意味着对于特定的心理问题，基于性别和MVPA频率进行调整的体育活动干预可能比未考虑这些因素的体育活动干预更有效。
