Odondi Ruth Negesa, Shitsinzi Rose, Emarah Ashraf
Moi University, School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.
The Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya.
Heliyon. 2020 Mar 20;6(3):e03629. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03629. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Burns are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide and a major cause of mortality and disability in developing countries. Although burns are common in Kenya, the mortality and morbidity patterns are yet to be well studied and documented comprehensively.
To evaluate burn clinical patterns, early outcomes and their associations among patients admitted with burn injuries at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH).
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at MTRH between January 2016 and June 2017. A total of 189 patients admitted to the hospital with burns were recruited into the study. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and chart reviews were used to collect data on sociodemographic variables, burn clinical characteristics and early burn outcomes. Associations between patient characteristics and early burn outcomes were assessed by multivariable logistic regression.
Of the 182 burn patients whose data was analyzed, the median age was 2.4 years (IQR = 5.8) years and 149 (82%) were children below 18 years. Majority (76%) of burns were due to scalds. The commonest burn locations were the trunk and upper limbs (56%). Only 40% of patients received prehospital intervention. The median Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) was 14.5% and 74% of the patients had 2nd degree burns. The median length of hospital stay was 16 days (IQR = 28) and commonest complication was wound infection. Proportion of deaths due to burns accounted for 9.3% of the patients. A TBSA of 20%-30% (p = 0.01) was associated with presence of burn complications while a TBSA of >10% (p = 0.03) and time from burn to admission (p = 0.03) were associated with the length of hospital stay.
In our study, death was likely to occur in one in ten patients admitted with burns and TBSA was a predictor of presence of burn complications and length of hospital stay. There is a need for continued health education of the public on fire safety within the home environment for children and other vulnerable persons. Timely hospital intervention would also reduce burn complications as well as length of hospital stay.
烧伤是全球第四大常见创伤类型，也是发展中国家死亡和残疾的主要原因。尽管烧伤在肯尼亚很常见，但死亡率和发病率模式尚未得到充分研究和全面记录。
评估莫伊教学与转诊医院（MTRH）收治的烧伤患者的烧伤临床模式、早期结局及其关联。
2016年1月至2017年6月在MTRH进行了一项横断面描述性研究。共有189例因烧伤入院的患者被纳入研究。采用访谈员管理的结构化问卷和病历审查来收集社会人口统计学变量、烧伤临床特征和早期烧伤结局的数据。通过多变量逻辑回归评估患者特征与早期烧伤结局之间的关联。
在分析数据的182例烧伤患者中，中位年龄为2.4岁（四分位间距 = 5.8岁），149例（82%）为18岁以下儿童。大多数（76%）烧伤是由烫伤引起的。最常见的烧伤部位是躯干和上肢（56%）。只有40%的患者接受了院前干预。中位烧伤总面积（TBSA）为14.5%，74%的患者为二度烧伤。中位住院时间为16天（四分位间距 = 28天），最常见的并发症是伤口感染。烧伤导致的死亡比例占患者的9.3%。TBSA为20%-30%（p = 0.01）与烧伤并发症的存在相关，而TBSA>10%（p = 0.03）和烧伤至入院时间（p = 0.03）与住院时间相关。
在我们的研究中，每十名烧伤入院患者中可能有一人死亡，TBSA是烧伤并发症存在和住院时间的预测指标。需要继续对公众进行关于家庭环境中儿童和其他弱势群体消防安全的健康教育。及时的医院干预也将减少烧伤并发症以及住院时间。
