Martynenko I V, Litvin A P, Purcell-Milton F, Baranov A V, Fedorov A V, Gun'ko Y K
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
J Mater Chem B. 2017 Sep 7;5(33):6701-6727. doi: 10.1039/c7tb01425b. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
In this review we present new concepts and recent progress in the application of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as labels in two important areas of biology, bioimaging and biosensing. We analyze the biologically relevant properties of QDs focusing on the following topics: QD surface treatment and stability, labeling of cellular structures and receptors with QDs, incorporation of QDs in living cells, cytotoxicity of QDs and influence of the biological environment on the biological and optical properties of QDs. Initially, we consider utilization of QDs as agents in high-resolution bioimaging techniques that can provide information at the molecular levels. The diverse range of modern live-cell QD-based imaging techniques with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light is examined. In each technique, we discuss the pros and cons of QD use and deliberate how QDs can be further engineered to facilitate their application in the respective imaging techniques and to produce significant improvements in resolution. Then we review QD-based point-of-care bioassays, bioprobes, and biosensors designed in different formats ranging from analytic biochemistry assays and ELISA, to novel point-of-care smartphone integrated QD-based biotests. Here, a wide range of QD-based fluorescence bioassays with optical transduction, elecrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical assays are discussed. Finally, this review provides an analysis of the prospects of application of QDs in selected important areas of biology.
在本综述中，我们介绍了半导体量子点（QD）作为标记物在生物学两个重要领域——生物成像和生物传感中的新概念和最新进展。我们分析了量子点与生物学相关的特性，重点关注以下主题：量子点的表面处理与稳定性、用量子点标记细胞结构和受体、将量子点掺入活细胞、量子点的细胞毒性以及生物环境对量子点生物学和光学性质的影响。首先，我们考虑将量子点用作高分辨率生物成像技术中的试剂，这些技术能够在分子水平上提供信息。我们研究了各种现代基于量子点的活细胞成像技术，其分辨率远远超出了光的衍射极限。在每种技术中，我们讨论了使用量子点的优缺点，并思考如何进一步设计量子点，以促进其在各自成像技术中的应用，并显著提高分辨率。然后，我们回顾了基于量子点的即时检测生物分析、生物探针和生物传感器，它们设计成不同的形式，从分析生物化学检测和酶联免疫吸附测定，到新型的基于量子点并集成智能手机的即时检测生物测试。在此，我们讨论了各种基于量子点的荧光生物分析，包括光学转导分析、电化学发光分析和光电化学分析。最后，本综述分析了量子点在选定的重要生物学领域中的应用前景。
