Institute of Forensic Genetics, 48161 Münster, Germany;
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 28;117(17):9241-9243. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004999117. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus. The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans. In contrast, the B type is the most common type in East Asia, and its ancestral genome appears not to have spread outside East Asia without first mutating into derived B types, pointing to founder effects or immunological or environmental resistance against this type outside Asia. The network faithfully traces routes of infections for documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, indicating that phylogenetic networks can likewise be successfully used to help trace undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to prevent recurrent spread of the disease worldwide.
在对 160 个完整的人类严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）基因组的系统发育网络分析中，我们发现了三种以氨基酸变化为特征的主要变体，我们将其命名为 A、B 和 C，根据蝙蝠外群冠状病毒，A 是祖先类型。A 型和 C 型在东亚以外的地区，即欧洲和美洲，有很大的比例。相比之下，B 型是东亚最常见的类型，其祖先基因组似乎没有先突变为衍生的 B 型就传播到东亚以外地区，这表明亚洲以外地区对这种类型存在创始效应或免疫或环境抗性。该网络忠实地追踪了有记录的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例的感染途径，表明系统发育网络同样可以成功用于帮助追踪无记录的 COVID-19 感染源，然后对其进行隔离，以防止该疾病在全球范围内再次传播。
