Van Vunakis H, Tashkin D P, Simmons M, Clark V A
Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1988 Aug;30(4):895-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90116-5.
Serum and salivary cotinine levels were determined in tobacco smokers (n = 125) who smoked only tobacco (n = 47) or who smoked both marijuana and tobacco (n = 78) as part of a field study of the pulmonary effects of heavy, habitual use of marijuana alone or with tobacco. After adjustment for current daily amount of tobacco use and time since the last tobacco cigarette was smoked, the smokers of both marijuana and tobacco were found to have lower levels of cotinine than those who smoked only tobacco, in serum [258 +/- 113 ng/ml (S.D.) and 332 +/- 109, respectively; p = 0.003] and in saliva (331 +/- 170 and 395 +/- 170, respectively; p = 0.058). Serum cotinine showed a significantly negative relationship to the daily amount of marijuana currently smoked (p = 0.026). Possible explanations include inhibition by marijuana component(s) of the enzymes that participate in the conversion of nicotine to cotinine, differences in nicotine absorption patterns between the two groups of tobacco smokers, and acceleration of cotinine metabolism by marijuana smoking. Carefully controlled pharmacokinetic studies, not possible in a large-scale survey such as this one, are required both to confirm the differences in blood cotinine levels observed between the dual smokers and smokers of tobacco only and to define more clearly nicotine-marijuana interactions.
作为一项关于大量习惯性单独使用大麻或与烟草同时使用大麻对肺部影响的实地研究的一部分，对仅吸食烟草的吸烟者（n = 47）或同时吸食大麻和烟草的吸烟者（n = 78）测定了血清和唾液中的可替宁水平。在对当前每日烟草使用量和上次吸烟后的时间进行调整后，发现同时吸食大麻和烟草的吸烟者血清中可替宁水平低于仅吸食烟草的吸烟者[分别为258±113 ng/ml（标准差）和332±109；p = 0.003]，唾液中也是如此（分别为331±170和395±170；p = 0.058）。血清可替宁与当前每日吸食大麻量呈显著负相关（p = 0.026）。可能的解释包括大麻成分对参与尼古丁向可替宁转化的酶的抑制作用、两组吸烟者尼古丁吸收模式的差异以及吸食大麻对可替宁代谢的加速作用。需要进行严格控制的药代动力学研究（在这样的大规模调查中无法进行），以确认双重吸烟者和仅吸食烟草者之间观察到的血中可替宁水平差异，并更清楚地界定尼古丁 - 大麻相互作用。
