Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1425-1433. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa081.
Hemp seeds are rich in PUFAs and other bioactives that can attenuate the development of obesity-related disorders; however, the extent to which their lipid fraction is responsible for this effect is unknown.
We hypothesized that hemp seed or hemp oil supplementation can attenuate genetically determined disorders and that the former are more effective in doing so.
Lean and obese male Zucker rats, aged 8 wk, weighing 174 ± 4.2 g and 223 ± 3.8 g, respectively, were allocated to 4 groups. The lean (LC) and obese controls (OC) were fed a standard diet, whereas the other 2 obese groups were fed a modified diet in which hemp oil (4% diet; O + HO) or hemp seeds (12% diet; O + HS) were included. All diets had the same proportions of protein (18%), fat (8%), and fiber (5%) and a similar carbohydrate proportion (∼52%). Diets fed to O + HO and O + HS had similar fatty acid profiles. After 4 wk, markers of gut and liver function, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism were measured.
The total SCFA concentration in the cecal digesta was lower in OC (64.8 ± 4.21 µmol/g) compared with LC (78.1 ± 2.83 µmol/g) (P ≤ 0.05), whereas it was greater in O + HS (89 ± 4.41 µmol/g) compared with LC, OC, and O + HO (69.7 ± 2.68 µmol/g) (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was greater in OC (6.20 ± 0.198 mmol/L) and O + HO (5.60 ± 0.084 mmol/L) compared with LC (2.71 ± 0.094 mmol/L) (P ≤ 0.05); in O + HS, the concentration did not differ from the other groups (5.16 ± 0.278 mmol/L). The liver cholesterol concentration was greater in OC (1.79 ± 0.379 mg/g) compared with the other groups (1.28-1.43 mg/g) (P ≤ 0.05). Hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was lower in OC (11.9 ± 0.93 units) compared with LC (17.3 ± 1.3 units) (P ≤ 0.05), whereas it was greater in O + HS (19.2 ± 1.04 units) compared with OC and O + HO (14.0 ± 1.33 units) (P ≤ 0.05).
Dietary hemp seeds more effectively attenuate metabolic disorders in genetically obese rats than the oil extracted from them, which suggests that the lipid fraction is only partly responsible for these effects.
Hemp 种子富含 PUFAs 和其他生物活性物质，可以减轻与肥胖相关的疾病的发展；然而，其脂质部分在多大程度上对此有影响尚不清楚。
我们假设 Hemp 种子或 Hemp 油补充剂可以减轻遗传决定的疾病，而且前者在这方面更有效。
8 周龄的瘦型（LC）和肥胖型（OC）雄性 Zucker 大鼠，体重分别为 174 ± 4.2 g 和 223 ± 3.8 g，被分为 4 组。LC 和 OC 对照组分别喂食标准饮食，而另外 2 个肥胖组喂食改良饮食，其中包含 Hemp 油（4%饮食；O + HO）或 Hemp 种子（12%饮食；O + HS）。所有饮食的蛋白质（18%）、脂肪（8%）和纤维（5%）比例相同，碳水化合物比例相似（约 52%）。O + HO 和 O + HS 组的饮食具有相似的脂肪酸谱。4 周后，测量肠道和肝脏功能、抗氧化状态和脂质代谢的标志物。
OC（64.8 ± 4.21 µmol/g）的盲肠内容物总短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度低于 LC（78.1 ± 2.83 µmol/g）（P ≤ 0.05），而 O + HS（89 ± 4.41 µmol/g）高于 LC、OC 和 O + HO（69.7 ± 2.68 µmol/g）（P ≤ 0.05）。OC（6.20 ± 0.198 mmol/L）和 O + HO（5.60 ± 0.084 mmol/L）的血浆总胆固醇浓度高于 LC（2.71 ± 0.094 mmol/L）（P ≤ 0.05）；在 O + HS 中，浓度与其他组没有差异（5.16 ± 0.278 mmol/L）。OC（1.79 ± 0.379 mg/g）的肝脏胆固醇浓度高于其他组（1.28-1.43 mg/g）（P ≤ 0.05）。OC（11.9 ± 0.93 单位）的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ的肝表达低于 LC（17.3 ± 1.3 单位）（P ≤ 0.05），而 O + HS（19.2 ± 1.04 单位）高于 OC 和 O + HO（14.0 ± 1.33 单位）（P ≤ 0.05）。
与从 Hemp 种子中提取的油相比，膳食 Hemp 种子更有效地减轻肥胖大鼠的代谢紊乱，这表明脂质部分只是这些影响的部分原因。
