Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 8;17(7):2540. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072540.
The current study aimed at assessing the effects of exposure to Particulate Matter (PM) on the incidence of respiratory diseases in a sub-sample of participants in the longitudinal analytical epidemiological study in Pisa, Italy. Three hundred and five subjects living at the same address from 1991 to 2011 were included. Individual risk factors recorded during the 1991 survey were considered, and new cases of respiratory diseases were ascertained until 2011. Average PM and PM exposures (µg/m, year 2011) were estimated at the residential address (1-km resolution) through a random forest machine learning approach, using a combination of satellite data and land use variables. Multivariable logistic regression with Firth's correction was applied. The median (25th-75th percentile) exposure levels were 30.1 µg/m (29.9-30.7 µg/m) for PM and 19.3 µg/m (18.9-19.4 µg/m) for PM. Incidences of rhinitis and chronic phlegm were associated with increasing PM: OR = 2.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.98) per unit increase (p.u.i.) and OR = 4.17 (1.12, 18.71) p.u.i., respectively. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with PM: OR = 2.96 (1.50, 7.15) p.u.i. These results provide new insights into the long-term respiratory health effects of PM air pollution.
本研究旨在评估意大利比萨纵向分析性流行病学研究的亚样本中，个体暴露于颗粒物（PM）对呼吸道疾病发病率的影响。该研究纳入了 1991 年至 2011 年期间居住在同一地址的 305 名受试者。考虑了在 1991 年调查期间记录的个体危险因素，并在 2011 年之前确定了新的呼吸道疾病病例。通过随机森林机器学习方法，使用卫星数据和土地利用变量的组合，在居住地址（1 公里分辨率）处估计平均 PM 和 PM 暴露量（µg/m，2011 年）。应用 Firth 校正的多变量逻辑回归。PM 的中位数（25-75 百分位数）暴露水平为 30.1 µg/m（29.9-30.7 µg/m），PM 的中位数（25-75 百分位数）暴露水平为 19.3 µg/m（18.9-19.4 µg/m）。鼻炎和慢性咳痰的发病率与 PM 增加有关：单位增加（p.u.i.）的比值比（OR）分别为 2.25（95%CI：1.07，4.98）和 4.17（1.12，18.71）。慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病率与 PM 有关：OR = 2.96（1.50，7.15）p.u.i.这些结果为 PM 空气污染对长期呼吸道健康的影响提供了新的见解。
