Tagliaferro Sofia, Pirona Federico, Fasola Salvatore, Stanisci Ilaria, Sarno Giuseppe, Baldacci Sandra, Gariazzo Claudio, Licitra Gaetano, Moro Antonino, Silibello Camillo, Stafoggia Massimo, Viegi Giovanni, Maio Sara
Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Verona, Italy.
Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2398193. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2398193. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
Traffic-related air and noise pollution are important public health issues. The aim of this study was to estimate their effects on allergic/respiratory outcomes in adult and elderly subjects.
Six hundred and forty-five subjects living in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) were investigated through a questionnaire on allergic/respiratory symptoms and diseases. Traffic-related air pollution and noise exposures were assessed at residential address by questionnaire, modelled annual mean NO concentrations (1 km and 200 m resolution), and noise level over a 24-h period (Lden). Exposure effects were assessed through logistic regression models stratified by age group (18-64 years, ≥65 years), and adjusted for sex, educational level, occupational exposure, and smoking habits.
63.6% of the subjects reported traffic exposure near home. Mean exposure levels were: 28.24 (±3.26 ) and 27.23 (±3.16 ) µg/m for NO at 200 m and 1 km of resolution, respectively; 57.79 dB(A) (±6.12 ) for Lden. Exposure to vehicular traffic (by questionnaire) and to high noise levels [Lden ≥ 60 dB(A)] were significantly associated with higher odds of allergic rhinitis (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.09-3.70, and OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.18-3.36, respectively) and borderline with rhino-conjunctivitis (OR 2.20, 95%CI 0.95-5.10, and OR 1.76, 95%CI 0.91-3.42, respectively) only in the elderly. No significant result emerged for NO.
Our findings highlighted the need to better assess the effect of traffic-related exposure in the elderly, considering the increasing trend in the future global population's ageing.
与交通相关的空气污染和噪音污染是重要的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是评估它们对成人和老年人过敏/呼吸道疾病的影响。
通过一份关于过敏/呼吸道症状和疾病的问卷，对居住在比萨（意大利托斯卡纳）的645名受试者进行了调查。通过问卷、模拟的年平均一氧化氮浓度（分辨率为1公里和200米）以及24小时内的噪音水平（Lden），在受试者的居住地址评估与交通相关的空气污染和噪音暴露情况。通过按年龄组（18 - 64岁、≥65岁）分层，并对性别、教育水平、职业暴露和吸烟习惯进行调整的逻辑回归模型来评估暴露的影响。
63.6%的受试者报告在家附近有交通暴露。平均暴露水平分别为：分辨率为200米和1公里时，一氧化氮浓度分别为28.24（±3.26）和27.23（±3.16）微克/立方米；Lden为57.79分贝（A）（±6.12）。仅在老年人中，通过问卷评估的车辆交通暴露和高噪音水平[Lden≥60分贝（A）]与过敏性鼻炎的较高患病几率显著相关（分别为OR 2.01，95%CI 1.09 - 3.70和OR 1.99，95%CI 1.18 - 3.36），与鼻结膜炎呈临界相关（分别为OR 2.20，95%CI 0.95 - 5.10和OR 1.76，95%CI 0.91 - 3.42）。一氧化氮方面未得出显著结果。
我们的研究结果强调，鉴于未来全球人口老龄化趋势加剧，有必要更好地评估与交通相关的暴露对老年人的影响。
