Kothandan Vinoth Kumar, Kothandan Sangeetha, Kim Do Hee, Byun Youngro, Lee Yong-Kyu, Park In-Kyu, Hwang Seung Rim
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Apr 8;8(2):172. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020172.
RNA granules and exosomes produced by tumour cells under various stresses in the microenvironment act as critical determinants of cell survival by promoting angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. Meanwhile, developmental cancer/testis (CT) antigens that are normally sequestered in male germ cells of the testes, but which are overexpressed in malignant tumour cells, can function as tumour antigens triggering immune responses. As CT antigens are potential vaccine candidates for use in cancer immunotherapy, they could be targeted together with crosstalk between stress granules, exosomes, and immune cells for a synergistic effect. In this review, we describe the effects of exosomes and exosomal components presented to the recipient cells under different types of stresses on immune cells and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss their significance for cancer immunity, as well as the outlook for their future application.
肿瘤细胞在微环境的各种应激条件下产生的RNA颗粒和外泌体，通过促进血管生成、癌症转移、化疗耐药和免疫抑制，成为细胞存活的关键决定因素。同时，通常隔离于睾丸雄性生殖细胞中，但在恶性肿瘤细胞中过度表达的发育性癌/睾丸（CT）抗原，可作为触发免疫反应的肿瘤抗原。由于CT抗原是癌症免疫治疗中潜在的疫苗候选物，它们可与应激颗粒、外泌体和免疫细胞之间的相互作用共同作为靶点，以产生协同效应。在本综述中，我们描述了在不同类型应激条件下呈现给受体细胞的外泌体和外泌体成分对免疫细胞和癌症进展的影响。此外，我们讨论了它们对癌症免疫的意义以及未来应用的前景。
