Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Istituto di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 19;21(22):8728. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228728.
Exosomes secreted by tumor cells, through the transport of bioactive molecules, reprogram the surroundings, building a microenvironment to support the development of the tumor. The discovery that exosomes carry genomic DNA reflecting that of the tumor cell of origin has encouraged studies to use them as non-invasive biomarkers. The exosome-mediated transfer of oncogenes suggested a new mechanism of malignant transformation that could play a role in the formation of metastases. Several studies have examined the role of tumor exosomes on the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, but relatively few have been directed to assess how stressful stimuli can influence their production and cargo. Understanding the changes in exosome loads and the production pattern of the stressed tumor cell may uncover actionable mechanisms responsible for tumor progression.
肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体通过运输生物活性分子，重新编程周围环境，构建支持肿瘤发展的微环境。外泌体携带反映肿瘤细胞起源的基因组 DNA 的发现，鼓励了将其用作非侵入性生物标志物的研究。外泌体介导的致癌基因转移提示了一种新的恶性转化机制，可能在转移形成中起作用。已有几项研究探讨了肿瘤外泌体在肿瘤微环境调节中的作用，但相对较少的研究旨在评估应激刺激如何影响它们的产生和货物。了解外泌体负荷的变化和应激肿瘤细胞的产生模式，可能揭示负责肿瘤进展的可行机制。
