Teagasc, Environment, Soils Land-Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
Teagasc, Environment, Soils Land-Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 10;725:138329. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138329. Epub 2020 Apr 2.
Nitrogen fertilisation, although a cornerstone of modern agricultural production, negatively impacts the environment through gaseous losses of nitrous oxide (NO), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), and ammonia (NH), a known air pollutant. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of urea treated with urease inhibitors to reduce gaseous N losses in temperate grassland, while maintaining or improving productivity compared to conventional fertiliser formulations. Urease inhibitors were N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) (urea + NBPT) and N-(n-propyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NPPT) (urea+ NBPT + NPPT), while conventional fertilisers were urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). NO emission factors were 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.09% and 0.58% from urea + NBPT, urea, urea + NBPT + NPPT and CAN, respectively, with CAN significantly higher than all the urea formulations, which were not significantly different from each other. Ammonia loss measured over one fertiliser application was significantly larger from urea, at 43%, compared with other formulations at 13.9%, 13.8% and 5.2% from urea + NBPT, urea + NBPT + NPPT and CAN, respectively. Changing fertiliser formulation had no significant impact on grass yield or N uptake in four out of five harvests. In the last harvest urea + NBPT significantly out-yielded urea, but not CAN or urea + NBPT + NPPT. Overall, urea treated with either one or both urease inhibitors significantly reduced emissions of NO and NH, while preserving yield quantity and quality. Therefore, changing fertiliser formulation to these products should be encouraged as a strategy to reduce GHG and air pollution from agricultural practices in temperate climate.
氮肥的使用是现代农业生产的基石，但也会通过气态的一氧化二氮（N2O）和氨气（NH3）损失对环境造成负面影响，这两者都是强效温室气体（GHG）和已知的空气污染物。本研究旨在评估使用脲酶抑制剂处理尿素以减少温带草原中气态氮损失的可行性，同时与常规肥料配方相比维持或提高生产力。脲酶抑制剂为 N-（正丁基）-硫代磷酰三酰胺（NBPT）（尿素+NBPT）和 N-（正丙基）-硫代磷酰三酰胺（NPPT）（尿素+NBPT+NPPT），而常规肥料为尿素和硝酸钙铵（CAN）。尿素+NBPT、尿素、尿素+NBPT+NPPT 和 CAN 的一氧化二氮排放因子分别为 0.06%、0.07%、0.09%和 0.58%，CAN 显著高于所有尿素配方，而尿素配方之间没有显著差异。一次施肥后测量的氨损失，尿素为 43%，显著高于其他配方的 13.9%、13.8%和 5.2%，分别为尿素+NBPT、尿素+NBPT+NPPT 和 CAN。在五次收获中的四次中，改变肥料配方对草产量或氮吸收没有显著影响。在最后一次收获中，尿素+NBPT 的产量显著高于尿素，但不如 CAN 或尿素+NBPT+NPPT。总体而言，用一种或两种脲酶抑制剂处理的尿素显著减少了 NO 和 NH3 的排放，同时保持了产量的数量和质量。因此，应该鼓励将肥料配方改为这些产品，以减少温带气候下农业实践中的温室气体和空气污染。
