Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Toxicol Lett. 2020 Jul 1;327:48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
While tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals, some of which are carcinogenic to humans, the content of electronic cigarette smoke is less known. This work aimed to assess and compare the exposure associated with different smoking habits by profiling urinary mercapturic acids as biomarkers of toxic compounds.
In this pilot study, sixty-seven healthy adults with different smoking habits were investigated: 38 non-smokers (NS), 7 electronic cigarette users (ECU), and 22 traditional tobacco smokers (TTS). Seventeen urinary mercapturic acids, metabolites of 1,3-butadiene (DHBMA, MHBMA), 4-chloronitrobenze (NANPC), acrolein (3-HPMA), acrylamide (AAMA, GAMA), acrylonitrile (CEMA), benzene (SPMA), crotonaldehyde (CMEMA, HMPMA), ethylating agents (EMA), methylating agents (MMA), ethylene oxide (HEMA), N,N-dimethylformamide (AMCC), propylene oxide (2-HPMA), styrene (PHEMA), and toluene (SBMA), were quantified, along with urinary nicotine and cotinine.
Median urinary cotinine was 0.4, 1530 and 1772 μg/L in NS, ECU and TTS, respectively. Most mercapturic acids were 2-165 fold-higher in TTS compared to NS, with CEMA, MHBMA, 3-HPMA and SPMA showing the most relevant increases. Furthermore, some mercapturic acids were higher in ECU than NS; CEMA and 3-HPMA, in particular, showed significant increases and were 1.8 and 4.9 fold-higher, respectively.
This study confirms that tobacco smoking is a major source of carcinogenic chemicals such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene; electronic cigarette use is a minor source, mostly associated with exposure to chemicals with less carcinogenic potential such as acrylonitrile and acrolein.
虽然烟草烟雾中含有数千种化学物质，其中一些对人类具有致癌性，但电子烟烟雾的含量知之甚少。这项工作旨在评估和比较不同吸烟习惯下的暴露情况，并通过对尿液中硫醚尿酸作为有毒化合物生物标志物进行分析。
在这项初步研究中，研究了 67 名具有不同吸烟习惯的健康成年人：38 名非吸烟者（NS）、7 名电子烟使用者（ECU）和 22 名传统烟草吸烟者（TTS）。共检测了 17 种尿液硫醚尿酸，包括 1,3-丁二烯（DHBMA、MHBMA）、4-氯硝基苯（NANPC）、丙烯醛（3-HPMA）、丙烯酰胺（AAMA、GAMA）、丙烯腈（CEMA）、苯（SPMA）、巴豆醛（CMEMA、HMPMA）、乙基化剂（EMA）、甲基化剂（MMA）、环氧乙烷（HEMA）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（AMCC）、环氧丙烷（2-HPMA）、苯乙烯（PHEMA）和甲苯（SBMA），以及尿液尼古丁和可替宁。
NS、ECU 和 TTS 组的尿中可替宁中位数分别为 0.4、1530 和 1772μg/L。与 NS 相比，TTS 组的大多数硫醚尿酸水平高出 2-165 倍，其中 CEMA、MHBMA、3-HPMA 和 SPMA 升高最明显。此外，与 NS 相比，ECU 组中的一些硫醚尿酸水平更高；特别是 CEMA 和 3-HPMA 分别升高了 1.8 倍和 4.9 倍。
这项研究证实，吸烟是苯和 1,3-丁二烯等致癌化学物质的主要来源；电子烟使用是一个较小的来源，主要与接触潜在致癌性较小的化学物质如丙烯腈和丙烯醛有关。
