Zam Wissam, Ahmed Imtissal, Yousef Haneen
Tartous University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry. Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic.
Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2021;16(1):30-38. doi: 10.2174/1574884715666200413121756.
Cancer is not just one disease; it is a group of diseases either genetic or metabolic due to the malfunction of mitochondria. Thus, metabolic pathways are reprogrammed to satisfy tumor cell proliferation and survival requirements.
We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature dealing with these metabolic pathways.
It was found that cancer cells prefer fermentation as a source of energy even in the presence of oxygen, this altered metabolism of cancer cells may confer a selective advantage for survival and proliferation according to the Warburg effect. Furthermore, some molecules like HIF, PKM2, NADPH and others are essential to the survival of cancer cells in the hypoxic abnormal environment which has limited glucose sources.
As cancer cells use glucose for aerobic glycolysis as a preferred substrate for energyyielding metabolism, we discuss in this review the Warburg effect and a strategy of starving cancer cells from glucose to prevent cancer cell survival and induce apoptosis in various types of cancer which could be the key to future treatment.
癌症并非单一疾病；它是一组因线粒体功能异常而导致的遗传性或代谢性疾病。因此，代谢途径会被重新编程以满足肿瘤细胞增殖和存活的需求。
我们对文献数据库进行了结构化检索，以查找有关这些代谢途径的同行评审研究文献。
研究发现，即使在有氧的情况下，癌细胞也更倾向于将发酵作为能量来源，根据瓦伯格效应，癌细胞这种代谢改变可能为其生存和增殖赋予选择性优势。此外，一些分子如缺氧诱导因子（HIF）、丙酮酸激酶M2（PKM2）、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）等对于处于葡萄糖来源有限的缺氧异常环境中的癌细胞存活至关重要。
由于癌细胞将葡萄糖用于有氧糖酵解作为产生能量代谢的首选底物，我们在本综述中讨论了瓦伯格效应以及一种使癌细胞缺乏葡萄糖以防止癌细胞存活并诱导各类癌症细胞凋亡的策略，这可能是未来治疗的关键。
