心理健康障碍与青少年同伴关系。
Mental health disorders and adolescent peer relationships.
机构信息
University of Glasgow, School of Social and Political Sciences, MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3AX, United Kingdom.
University of Glasgow, School of Psychology, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, United Kingdom.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2020 May;253:112973. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112973. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
RATIONALE
Mental health disorders often arise during adolescence, with disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders among the most common. Given the salience of peer relationships during adolescence, and research suggesting that mental health disorders negatively impact social functioning, this study uses novel methodology from social network analysis to uncover the social processes linking disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders with adolescent friendships. In particular, the study focuses on peer withdrawal, peer popularity, and peer homophily in relation to both disorders.
METHODS
Data come from 15-year old students in four Scottish secondary schools (N = 602). Diagnoses of disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders were produced using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, and peer relationship data were obtained through a friendship nomination survey. Exponential random graph models were used to estimate the probability of peer withdrawal, peer popularity, and peer homophily based on each disorder.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated that adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders were more popular than their peers without disruptive behavior disorders (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.20, 1.87). Friendship was also more likely between two adolescents both with or both without disruptive behavior disorders (OR: 1.26, CI: 1.07, 1.47), demonstrating peer homophily. There was no evidence that anxiety disorders were related to adolescent peer relationships.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings from this study suggest that disruptive behavior disorders may be socially rewarded (e.g., peer popularity) and socially clustered (e.g., homophily), whereas anxiety disorders show no such trends. Thus, intervention efforts must account for the peer social status that may be gained from engaging in disruptive behavior during this developmental period. Further, given that similarity in DBD status is associated with an increased likelihood of friendship, adolescents are likely to be surrounded by peers who reinforce their behaviors.
背景
心理健康障碍通常在青少年时期出现，其中以破坏性行为障碍和焦虑障碍最为常见。鉴于青少年时期同伴关系的重要性，以及研究表明心理健康障碍会对社交功能产生负面影响，本研究采用社会网络分析的新方法，揭示了破坏性行为障碍和焦虑障碍与青少年友谊之间的社交过程。具体而言，该研究侧重于与两种障碍相关的同伴回避、同伴受欢迎程度和同伴同质性。
方法
数据来自苏格兰四所中学的 15 岁学生（N=602）。破坏性行为障碍和焦虑障碍的诊断采用儿童诊断访谈表得出，同伴关系数据通过友谊提名调查获得。使用指数随机图模型根据每种障碍来估计同伴回避、同伴受欢迎程度和同伴同质性的概率。
结果
结果表明，患有破坏性行为障碍的青少年比没有破坏性行为障碍的同龄人更受欢迎（OR：1.47，CI：1.20，1.87）。两个青少年都患有或都没有破坏性行为障碍时，他们之间也更有可能建立友谊（OR：1.26，CI：1.07，1.47），表明存在同伴同质性。没有证据表明焦虑障碍与青少年的同伴关系有关。
结论
本研究的结果表明，破坏性行为障碍可能具有社交奖励（例如，同伴受欢迎程度）和社交聚集（例如，同质性）的特点，而焦虑障碍则没有这些趋势。因此，干预措施必须考虑到在这一发展阶段参与破坏性行为可能获得的同伴社交地位。此外，由于 DBD 状态的相似性与友谊可能性的增加有关，青少年可能会被周围的同伴所包围，这些同伴会强化他们的行为。
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