Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 2nd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Cardiol Clin. 2020 May;38(2):243-255. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.02.001.
Right heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pulmonary hypertension. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves both adaptive and maladaptive patterns of right ventricular change. In addition to the gold standard of right heart catheterization, noninvasive imaging such as echocardiography is useful in diagnosis and risk assessment. Management focuses on optimizing preload, reducing afterload, and supporting the function of the right ventricle with vasopressors and inotropes, if necessary. If required, mechanical support is increasingly used to facilitate recovery or as a bridge to transplant.
右心衰竭是肺动脉高压患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因。其病理生理学较为复杂,涉及右心室适应性和失代偿性改变。除右心导管术这一金标准外,超声心动图等无创影像学检查在诊断和风险评估中也有一定价值。治疗主要集中在优化前负荷、降低后负荷以及通过血管加压素和正性肌力药物支持右心功能。必要时还可使用机械支持以促进恢复或作为移植桥接。