Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK.
Pantheryx Inc., Boulder, CO, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;150(6):1434-1442. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa083.
Chicken eggs and bovine colostrum contain proteins possessing antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activity. The ability of eggs to influence gut defense and repair is largely unexplored.
We examined the effect of pasteurized spray-dried egg on gastrointestinal injury using cell culture and animal models and sought to determine whether adding colostrum provided extra benefit.
Egg alone, colostrum alone, and a 40:60 egg: colostrum combination were tested for proliferative (Alamar blue) and migratory (wounded monolayer) activity at 1 mg.mL-1 using human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), human gastric cancer (AGS), and rat intestinal epithelioid-1 (RIE1) cells. Four groups of adult male C57BL/6 mice received 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 test products in drinking water for 7 d and indomethacin (85 mg.kg-1, administered subcutaneously) on day 7. Villus height and morphology were assessed. Three groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats received 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 test product by gavage for 9 d and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 4% in drinking water) for the final 7 d. Histology, microscopic damage scoring, and myeloperoxidase were assessed.
Egg or colostrum alone caused 3-fold increases in cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.05 compared with baseline). Heating the egg removed its bioactivity. Addition of neutralizing antibodies or tyrphostin showed that ovomucoid, ovalbumin, and the epidermal growth factor receptor mediated the effects of egg (all P < 0.05 compared with egg). Egg reduced shortening of villi caused by indomethacin in mice by 34% and reduced DSS-induced colonic damage in rats by 44-61% (P < 0.05 compared with DSS). Similar results were seen using colostrum alone. In each assay, the 40:60 combination gave improved results compared with the same dose of egg or colostrum alone (P < 0.05).
Studies using AGS, RIE1, and Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 mice, and Sprague Dawley rats showed protective effects of egg against gut injury. Enhanced results were seen if colostrum and egg were coadministered. Egg powder with or without colostrum may have therapeutic value for prevention and treatment of gut injuries.
鸡蛋和牛初乳中含有具有抗菌、免疫调节和生长因子活性的蛋白质。鸡蛋影响肠道防御和修复的能力在很大程度上尚未得到探索。
我们使用细胞培养和动物模型研究了巴氏杀菌喷雾干燥蛋对胃肠道损伤的影响，并试图确定添加牛初乳是否会带来额外的益处。
以人结肠腺癌（Caco-2）、人胃癌（AGS）和大鼠肠上皮细胞-1（RIE1）细胞为研究对象，分别在 1mg·mL-1 条件下，用含 1 毫克/毫升的蛋、牛初乳和 40:60 蛋:牛初乳混合物进行增殖（Alamar 蓝）和迁移（伤口单层）活性试验。四组成年雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠连续 7 天在饮用水中摄入 20mg·kg-1·d-1 的试验产品，第 7 天给予吲哚美辛（85mg·kg-1，皮下注射）。评估绒毛高度和形态。三组成年雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠连续 9 天经口给予 20mg·kg-1·d-1 的试验产品，第 9 天给予葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS，4%饮用水），持续 7 天。评估组织学、显微镜损伤评分和髓过氧化物酶。
单独的蛋或牛初乳可使细胞增殖和迁移增加 3 倍（与基线相比，P < 0.05）。加热鸡蛋会使其失去生物活性。添加中和抗体或 tyrphostin 表明卵类黏蛋白、卵白蛋白和表皮生长因子受体介导了鸡蛋的作用（与鸡蛋相比，所有 P < 0.05）。鸡蛋可使吲哚美辛引起的小鼠绒毛缩短减少 34%，使 DSS 诱导的大鼠结肠损伤减少 44-61%（与 DSS 相比，P < 0.05）。单独使用牛初乳也有类似的结果。在每种测定中，与单独使用相同剂量的蛋或牛初乳相比，40:60 混合物均产生了更好的结果（P < 0.05）。
AGS、RIE1 和 Caco-2 细胞、C57BL/6 小鼠和 Sprague Dawley 大鼠的研究表明，鸡蛋对肠道损伤具有保护作用。如果同时给予牛初乳和蛋，效果会增强。含有或不含有牛初乳的蛋粉可能具有预防和治疗肠道损伤的治疗价值。
