Zhou Ya, Han Qingguo, Fan Fang
School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, People's Republic of China.
Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Oct;100:173-178. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 Feb 13.
The objective of this longitudinal study was to identify growth curves and related predictors of depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescent earthquake survivors. A total of 1573 adolescent survivors of the 8-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake were assessed through the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (cutoff for probable clinical depression: 15), Social Support Rate Scale, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, and a self-designed questionnaire covering earthquake exposure and demographic information at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 30-months after the earthquake. Data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling (GMM) and multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 27.6%, 40.6%, 30.9%, 37.5% and 29.8% at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 30-months, respectively. GMM analysis showed four patterns of growth curves for depressive symptoms: chronic depression (25.6% of the sample), recovery (1.7%), delayed depression (4.3%), and resilience (68.4%). Female gender was related with decreased probability of resilience. Direct witness of tragic scenes during the earthquake was related with higher risk for chronic depression. More negative life events and fewer social support were also common predictors of not developing the resilience pattern. The need of providing appropriate individualized interventions for high-risk adolescent earthquake survivors is indicated.
这项纵向研究的目的是确定中国青少年地震幸存者抑郁症状的生长曲线及相关预测因素。通过儿童抑郁自评量表（可能的临床抑郁症临界值：15）、社会支持率量表、青少年自评生活事件清单以及一份自行设计的涵盖地震暴露情况和人口统计学信息的问卷，对1573名8级汶川地震青少年幸存者在地震后6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月和30个月时进行了评估。使用生长混合模型（GMM）和多项逻辑回归对数据进行分析。抑郁症状的患病率在6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月和30个月时分别为27.6%、40.6%、30.9%、37.5%和29.8%。GMM分析显示抑郁症状有四种生长曲线模式：慢性抑郁（占样本的25.6%）、恢复（1.7%）、延迟抑郁（4.3%）和恢复力强（68.4%）。女性性别与恢复力强的可能性降低有关。地震期间直接目睹悲惨场景与慢性抑郁的较高风险有关。更多的负面生活事件和更少的社会支持也是未形成恢复力模式的常见预测因素。这表明需要为高危青少年地震幸存者提供适当的个性化干预措施。
