Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany; Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2020 Jul 15;215:116840. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116840. Epub 2020 Apr 11.
When an auditory stimulus is predicted but unexpectedly omitted, an omission response can be observed in the EEG. This endogenous response to the absence of a stimulus demonstrates the important role of prediction in perception. SanMiguel et al. (2013a) showed that in order to observe an omission response, a specific prediction concerning the identity of an upcoming stimulus is necessary. They used button presses coupled to either a single sound (predictable identity), or a random sound (unpredictable identity). In the event-related potentials, a sequence of omission responses consisting of oN1, oN2, and oP3 was observed in the single condition but not in the random condition. Given the importance of omission studies to understand the role of prediction in perception, we replicated this study. We enhanced statistical power by doubling the sample size and adjusting data pre-processing, and applied temporal principal component analysis and replication Bayes statistics. Results in the single sound condition were successfully replicated. Principal component analysis additionally revealed attenuated oN1 and oP3 omission responses in the random sound condition. These results suggest the existence of both specific and unspecific predictions along the sound processing hierarchy, where precision weighting possibly influences the strength of prediction error. Results are discussed in the framework of predictive coding and are congruent with everyday life, where uncertainty often requires broader or more general predictions.
当听觉刺激被预测但意外缺失时，在 EEG 中可以观察到缺失反应。这种对刺激缺失的内源性反应表明了预测在感知中的重要作用。SanMiguel 等人（2013a）表明，为了观察缺失反应，需要对即将到来的刺激的身份进行特定的预测。他们使用按钮按下，与单个声音（可预测的身份）或随机声音（不可预测的身份）相关联。在事件相关电位中，在单一条件下观察到了由 oN1、oN2 和 oP3 组成的缺失反应序列，但在随机条件下则没有。鉴于缺失研究对于理解预测在感知中的作用非常重要，我们复制了这项研究。我们通过将样本量增加一倍并调整数据预处理，以及应用时间主成分分析和复制贝叶斯统计来提高统计功效。在单一声音条件下的结果得到了成功复制。主成分分析还揭示了在随机声音条件下 oN1 和 oP3 缺失反应的衰减。这些结果表明，在声音处理层次结构中存在特定和非特定的预测，其中精度加权可能会影响预测误差的强度。结果在预测编码的框架内进行了讨论，与日常生活中的情况相一致，在日常生活中，不确定性通常需要更广泛或更一般的预测。
