Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 15;14(1):11164. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61989-1.
Electrophysiological studies have investigated predictive processing in music by examining event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the violation of musical expectations. While several studies have reported that the predictability of stimuli can modulate the amplitude of ERPs, it is unclear how specific the representation of the expected note is. The present study addressed this issue by recording the omitted stimulus potentials (OSPs) to avoid contamination of bottom-up sensory processing with top-down predictive processing. Decoding of the omitted content was attempted using a support vector machine, which is a type of machine learning. ERP responses to the omission of four target notes (E, F, A, and C) at the same position in familiar and unfamiliar melodies were recorded from 25 participants. The results showed that the omission N1 were larger in the familiar melody condition than in the unfamiliar melody condition. The decoding accuracy of the four omitted notes was significantly higher in the familiar melody condition than in the unfamiliar melody condition. These results suggest that the OSPs contain discriminable predictive information, and the higher the predictability, the more the specific representation of the expected note is generated.
电生理学研究通过考察违反音乐预期时诱发的事件相关电位（ERP），探究了音乐中的预测加工。虽然有几项研究报告称，刺激的可预测性可以调节 ERP 的幅度，但尚不清楚预期音符的表示方式有多么具体。本研究通过记录省略刺激电位（OSP）来解决这个问题，以避免自上而下的预测加工与自下而上的感觉加工相混淆。使用支持向量机（一种机器学习）尝试对省略内容进行解码。从 25 名参与者那里记录了在熟悉和不熟悉的旋律中相同位置上四个目标音符（E、F、A 和 C）的省略时的 ERP 反应。结果表明，在熟悉的旋律条件下，省略 N1 的幅度大于在不熟悉的旋律条件下。在熟悉的旋律条件下，四个省略音符的解码准确率显著高于不熟悉的旋律条件。这些结果表明，OSP 包含可区分的预测信息，可预测性越高，生成的预期音符的表示方式越具体。
