van Elsas Marit J, van Hall Thorbald, van der Burg Sjoerd H
Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Apr 10;12(4):935. doi: 10.3390/cancers12040935.
Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer and therapeutic cancer vaccines, have shown promising response rates in clinical trials. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of patients in which initially regressing tumors start to regrow due to an immunotherapy-driven acquired resistance. Studies on the underlying mechanisms reveal that these can be similar to well-known tumor intrinsic and extrinsic primary resistance factors that precluded the majority of patients from responding to immunotherapy in the first place. Here, we discuss primary and secondary immune resistance and point at strategies to identify potential new mechanisms of immune evasion. Ultimately, this may lead to improved immunotherapy strategies with improved clinical outcomes.
癌症免疫疗法，包括检查点抑制剂、过继性T细胞转移和治疗性癌症疫苗，在临床试验中已显示出有前景的缓解率。不幸的是，越来越多的患者中，最初缩小的肿瘤由于免疫疗法驱动的获得性耐药而开始重新生长。对潜在机制的研究表明，这些机制可能与众所周知的肿瘤内在和外在原发性耐药因素相似，而这些因素最初使大多数患者无法对免疫疗法产生反应。在这里，我们讨论原发性和继发性免疫耐药，并指出识别潜在新免疫逃逸机制的策略。最终，这可能会带来改善临床结果的免疫疗法策略。
