Benhar Moran
Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Apr 11;9(4):309. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040309.
It is well appreciated that biological reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as endogenous antioxidant systems, are important modulators of cell survival and death in diverse organisms and cell types. In addition, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and dysregulated cell death are implicated in a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Therefore, much effort is devoted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking oxidant/antioxidant systems and cell death pathways. This review is focused on thiol redox modifications as a major mechanism by which oxidants and antioxidants influence specific regulated cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Growing evidence indicates that redox modifications of cysteine residues in proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, recent research suggests that thiol redox switches play a role in the crosstalk between apoptotic and necrotic forms of regulated cell death. Thus, thiol-based redox circuits provide an additional layer of control that determines when and how cells die.
众所周知，诸如过氧化氢、超氧化物和一氧化氮等生物活性氧和氮物种，以及内源性抗氧化系统，是多种生物体和细胞类型中细胞存活和死亡的重要调节因子。此外，氧化应激、亚硝化应激和细胞死亡失调与多种病理状况有关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和神经疾病。因此，人们致力于阐明连接氧化剂/抗氧化剂系统和细胞死亡途径的分子机制。本综述聚焦于硫醇氧化还原修饰，这是氧化剂和抗氧化剂影响哺乳动物细胞中特定调节性细胞死亡途径的主要机制。越来越多的证据表明，蛋白质中半胱氨酸残基的氧化还原修饰参与多种细胞死亡方式的调节，包括凋亡、坏死性凋亡和焦亡。此外，最近的研究表明，硫醇氧化还原开关在凋亡和坏死性调节性细胞死亡形式之间的相互作用中发挥作用。因此，基于硫醇的氧化还原回路提供了额外一层控制，决定细胞何时以及如何死亡。
