Horvath Carla, Wolfrum Christian
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Aug;79(3):338-356. doi: 10.1017/S0029665120006928. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
过多的脂肪堆积是继发性代谢并发症发展的主要驱动因素，目前已达到流行程度，需要综合药物、教育和营养方法来扭转当前全球肥胖患病率上升的趋势。棕色脂肪组织（BAT）是一种独特的能够消耗能量的器官，因此是提高基础代谢率以抵消正能量平衡的一个有前景的靶点。此外，活跃的棕色脂肪组织可能有助于维持减肥后的体重，以防止/减少体重反弹。天然产物含有有价值的生物活性化合物，长期以来有助于缓解疾病症状。近年来，人们的兴趣集中在确定能够诱导棕色脂肪组织活性从而增加能量消耗的营养成分上。本综述总结了一些选定的膳食植物化学物质，包括异黄酮、儿茶素、芪类、黄酮类槲皮素、木犀草素和白藜芦醇，以及生物碱小檗碱和辣椒素。大多数讨论的植物化学物质通过不同的分子途径发挥作用，例如交感神经激活、AMP激酶信号传导、SIRT1活性或雌激素受体刺激。因此，利用食物的精细组合或联合营养补充剂共同激活棕色脂肪组织的多种途径可能是可行的。
