Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia.
Department of School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas.
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 Apr;27(2):269-279. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000339. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
Exposure to racism experienced by caregivers poses a threat to child developmental outcomes. The current study examines the effects of caregiver-experienced racism on the development of internalizing behaviors for African American children during a sensitive period in their development of racial awareness. Two aspects of caregiver-provided ethnic racial socialization (ERS), cultural socialization and preparation for bias, were assessed as moderators. Supported by prior research, cultural socialization was hypothesized to be protective. Given that research on preparation for bias in early childhood is sparse or inconclusive, no directional hypothesis was formulated for the moderation effect of preparation for bias. A community-recruited, low-income sample of 130 African American caregivers and their children (T3 = 6.20, T4 = 7.17) reported on past-year experiences with racism, ERS practices, and child internalizing behaviors. Path analyses were utilized to assess the influence of caregivers' racist experiences and ERS practices on children's first grade internalizing behaviors after controlling for kindergarten levels. Cultural socialization was not a significant protective factor as hypothesized. However, caregivers' past-year experiences with racism predicted more anxious and sad behaviors in children when caregivers reported using more preparation for bias. The effects of caregivers' racism experiences on their 6-year-old children's internalizing behaviors were contingent on their use of preparation for bias socialization. This study adds to the literature on racism and further elucidates the role preparation for discrimination plays in developmental outcomes for young African American children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
照顾者经历种族主义会对儿童的发展结果构成威胁。本研究考察了在非洲裔美国儿童种族意识发展的敏感时期，照顾者经历的种族主义对其内化行为发展的影响。评估了照顾者提供的种族社会化（ERS）的两个方面，即文化社会化和偏见准备，作为调节因素。先前的研究支持文化社会化具有保护作用的假设。鉴于针对幼儿期偏见准备的研究很少或没有定论，因此没有为偏见准备的调节效应制定方向性假设。 一项针对社区招募的、低收入的 130 名非洲裔美国照顾者及其子女（T3=6.20，T4=7.17）的研究报告了过去一年经历的种族主义、ERS 实践和儿童内化行为。路径分析用于评估在控制幼儿园水平后，照顾者的种族主义经历和 ERS 实践对儿童一年级内化行为的影响。 文化社会化并没有像假设的那样成为一个重要的保护因素。然而，当照顾者报告使用更多的偏见准备时，他们过去一年的种族主义经历预测了孩子更焦虑和悲伤的行为。 照顾者的种族主义经历对其 6 岁儿童内化行为的影响取决于他们使用偏见准备社会化的程度。这项研究增加了关于种族主义的文献，并进一步阐明了偏见准备在年轻的非裔美国儿童发展结果中的作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
