van Maanen H M
University of Toronto, Faculty of Nursing, Ontario, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 1988 Nov;13(6):701-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb00560.x.
The process of ageing is frequently described in terms of decline and deterioration. Limited attention is paid to the gains in later life. Studies among self-defined healthy American-born elderly and ill-healthy British-born older persons, indicated that the perception of health was determined by many dimensions other than the absence of disease and illness. The older the person, the more emphasis was placed on health as a state of mind, even in situations of a gradually failing body. It was evident that these respondents, among them the ill-healthy elderly challenged the current beliefs of health and illness as perceived by health providers.
衰老过程常常被描述为衰退和恶化。人们对晚年所获得的方面关注有限。针对自我认定为健康的美国出生的老年人和健康状况不佳的英国出生的老年人的研究表明，健康认知是由许多因素决定的，而非仅仅取决于没有疾病。年龄越大，人们越强调健康是一种心理状态，即便身体机能逐渐衰退。很明显，这些受访者，包括健康状况不佳的老年人，对医疗服务提供者所认知的当前健康与疾病观念提出了挑战。
