Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Zoonotic Disease Research Lab, One Health Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Lima Province, Peru.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 May;178:104978. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104978. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
In 2015, a case of canine rabies in Arequipa, Peru indicated the re-emergence of rabies virus in the city. Despite mass dog vaccination campaigns across the city and reactive ring vaccination and other control activities around positive cases (e.g. elimination of unowned dogs), the outbreak has spread. Here we explore how the urban landscape of Arequipa affects the movement patterns of free-roaming dogs, the main reservoirs of the rabies virus in the area. We tracked 23 free-roaming dogs using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. We analyzed the spatio-temporal GPS data using the time- local convex hull method. Dog movement patterns varied across local environments. We found that water channels, an urban feature of Arequipa that are dry most of the year, promote movement. Dogs that used the water channels extensively move on average 7 times further (p = 0.002) and 1.2 times more directionally (p = 0.027) than dogs that do not use the water channels at all. They were also 1.3 times faster on average, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.197). Our findings suggest that water channels can be used by dogs as 'highways' to transverse the city and have the potential to spread disease far beyond the radius of control practices. Control efforts should focus on a robust vaccination campaign attuned to the geography of the city, and not limited to small-scale rings surrounding cases.
2015 年，秘鲁阿雷基帕发生了一起犬狂犬病病例，表明该城市的狂犬病病毒再次出现。尽管在全市范围内开展了大规模的犬只疫苗接种活动，并对阳性病例周围进行了反应性环形疫苗接种和其他控制活动（例如，消除无主犬），疫情仍在蔓延。在这里，我们探讨了阿雷基帕的城市景观如何影响自由放养犬的运动模式，这些犬是该地区狂犬病病毒的主要宿主。我们使用全球定位系统 (GPS) 项圈跟踪了 23 只自由放养的狗。我们使用时间局部凸包方法分析了时空 GPS 数据。狗的运动模式因局部环境而异。我们发现，水通道，阿雷基帕的一个城市特征，在一年中的大部分时间都是干燥的，促进了狗的移动。大量使用水通道的狗平均移动的距离远 7 倍（p=0.002），方向上多 1.2 倍（p=0.027），比根本不使用水通道的狗快 1.3 倍，但这一差异无统计学意义（p=0.197）。我们的研究结果表明，水通道可以被狗用作穿越城市的“高速公路”，并有可能将疾病传播到远远超出控制措施半径的范围。控制工作应侧重于与城市地理相适应的强有力疫苗接种运动，而不仅仅是围绕病例的小规模环形疫苗接种运动。
