Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
Área de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jul 1;197:110609. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110609. Epub 2020 Apr 14.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used throughout the world and it could enter aquatic ecosystems causing harmful effects on humans, animals and plants. The current study relies on the investigation of the toxicity of this emerging pollutant on two freshwater species from different trophic levels: the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the clam Corbicula fluminea. After 96 h of exposure to several concentrations of BPA, the growth of C. reinhardtii was affected, being the 96 h-EC value for growth 30 mg L. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of 30 mg L BPA in microalgae after 24 h of exposure were studied. Several cytotoxicity biomarkers such as vitality, oxidative stress and cytoplasmic membrane potential were altered in exposed cells and microalgae accumulated 0.16 pg BPA cell. Regarding C. fluminea, four treatments were established: control without BPA (C); BPA in the food (microalgae pre-exposed for 24 h to 30 mg L) (M); BPA in the water (7.5 mg L) (W); BPA in both food and water (M + W). After one month of exposure, treated bivalves showed a significantly decrease in the filtration rate and increased lipid peroxidation levels, indicating fitness reduction and oxidative damage. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, Se-dependent and total glutathione peroxidase enzymes increased significantly in W and M + W treatments with respect to the control. Clams of the M + W treatment were the most affected, indicating that the little amount of BPA bioaccumulated by microalgae could increase the damage. Emerging contaminants may accumulate in several organisms, such as microalgae, and could have negative impacts on ecosystems.
双酚 A（BPA）在全球范围内被广泛使用，它可能进入水生生态系统，对人类、动物和植物造成有害影响。本研究依赖于对两种来自不同营养级别的淡水物种的毒性研究：小球藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）和河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）。在暴露于几种浓度的 BPA 96 小时后，小球藻的生长受到影响，其生长的 96 小时-EC 值为 30mg/L。研究了暴露 24 小时后 30mg/L BPA 对微藻的毒性和生物积累。暴露细胞和微藻中几种细胞毒性生物标志物（如活力、氧化应激和细胞质膜电位）发生改变，微藻积累了 0.16pg BPA 细胞。对于河蚬，建立了四种处理：无 BPA 的对照（C）；在食物中添加 BPA（预先暴露 24 小时至 30mg/L 的微藻）（M）；在水中添加 BPA（7.5mg/L）（W）；在食物和水中都添加 BPA（M+W）。暴露一个月后，处理过的双壳类动物的滤过率显著下降，脂质过氧化水平升高，表明适应能力下降和氧化损伤。此外，与对照组相比，W 和 M+W 处理组的过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、硒依赖性和总谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性显著增加。M+W 处理组的河蚬受到的影响最大，表明微藻生物积累的少量 BPA 可能会增加损害。新兴污染物可能会在微藻等几种生物体中积累，并对生态系统产生负面影响。
