Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
Ecotoxicology. 2021 Jan;30(1):142-153. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02299-w. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
Among UV-filters, benzophenones are one of the most abundantly used and detected groups in the environment. Bisphenols are also one of the most widely used chemicals in plastics, but their demonstrated deleterious effects on several organisms and humans have led to the production of alternative analogues. However, few comparative studies on the ecotoxicological effects of these derivatives or analogues have been carried out. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two benzophenones (BP-3 and BP-4) and two bisphenols (BPA and BPS) in a short-term exposure of the freshwater endobenthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Clams were exposed for 96 h to several concentrations of the four pollutants: BP-3 (0.63; 1.25; 2.5; 5 mg l), BP-4 (4.75; 9.5; 19; 38 mg l), BPA (3.75; 7.5; 15; 30 mg l), and BPS (2.5; 5; 10; 20 mg l). The comparative acute toxicity of these pollutants was evaluated by the analysis of the post-exposure filtering capacity of clams, lipid peroxidation (LP) levels and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). After the exposure period, except for BP-4, the chemicals tested seemed to be detected by clams and provoked valve closure, decreasing filter-feeding in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, C. fluminea exposed to the highest concentrations of BP-3, BP-4 and BPA showed a significant increase in LP, CAT and GR activities with respect to their controls. BP-3 and BPA were the most toxic compounds showing significant differences in all the parameters analysed at the highest concentrations assayed. However, clams exposed to BPS showed only significant alterations in filtration parameters and in GR activity, in the two highest concentrations tested, indicating that this compound was the least toxic to clams. Obtained results highlight the importance of investigating the effects that emerging pollutants have on aquatic organisms.
在紫外线滤光剂中，二苯甲酮是环境中使用最广泛、检测最多的一类物质。双酚类化合物也是塑料中使用最广泛的化学物质之一，但它们对多种生物和人类造成的有害影响导致了替代类似物的产生。然而，对于这些衍生物或类似物的生态毒理学效应，很少有比较研究。本研究旨在研究两种二苯甲酮（BP-3 和 BP-4）和两种双酚（BPA 和 BPS）在淡水底栖双壳类贻贝 Corbicula fluminea 短期暴露中的影响。贻贝在 96 小时内暴露于四种污染物的多个浓度下：BP-3（0.63；1.25；2.5；5 mg l）、BP-4（4.75；9.5；19；38 mg l）、BPA（3.75；7.5；15；30 mg l）和 BPS（2.5；5；10；20 mg l）。通过分析贻贝暴露后的过滤能力、脂质过氧化（LP）水平和抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性，评估了这些污染物的比较急性毒性。暴露期后，除 BP-4 外，测试的化学品似乎被贻贝检测到，并以浓度依赖的方式引起瓣关闭，从而减少滤食。此外，暴露于最高浓度 BP-3、BP-4 和 BPA 的 C. fluminea 表现出 LP、CAT 和 GR 活性显著增加，与对照相比。BP-3 和 BPA 是最有毒的化合物，在所有分析参数中均显示出显著差异，在测试的最高浓度下。然而，暴露于 BPS 的贻贝仅在两个最高测试浓度下表现出过滤参数和 GR 活性的显著改变，表明该化合物对贻贝的毒性最小。研究结果强调了研究新兴污染物对水生生物影响的重要性。
