Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Magíster en Terapia Física con menciones, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1260:123-158. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_6.
In the ordinary course of aging, individuals change their body composition, mainly reducing their skeletal muscle mass and increasing their fat mass. In association, muscle strength and functionality also decrease. The geriatric assessment allows knowing the baseline situation of the patients, determines the impact of diseases, and defines specific treatments. There are various tools to evaluate the health condition of older people. These tools include the assessment scales of necessary Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), physical and functional assessment scales, and instruments that assess the cognitive state of the person. There are several strategies that have been proposed to combat skeletal muscle atrophy due to aging, such as physical exercise, nutritional supplements, or drugs. Some researchers have highlighted the efficacy of the combination of the mentioned strategies. In this chapter, we will focus only on physical exercise as a strategy to reduce skeletal muscle loss during aging.
在衰老的过程中，个体的身体成分会发生变化，主要表现为骨骼肌量减少和体脂肪量增加。随之而来的是肌肉力量和功能的下降。老年综合评估可以了解患者的基线情况，确定疾病的影响，并确定特定的治疗方法。有多种工具可用于评估老年人的健康状况。这些工具包括评估日常生活必需活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）能力的量表、身体和功能评估量表，以及评估个人认知状态的工具。已经提出了几种策略来对抗由于衰老导致的骨骼肌萎缩，例如体育锻炼、营养补充剂或药物。一些研究人员强调了上述策略联合应用的效果。在本章中，我们将仅关注体育锻炼作为减少衰老过程中骨骼肌丢失的策略。
