Centre for Industrial Ecology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Centre for Industrial Ecology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Circular Economy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 15;726:138531. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138531. Epub 2020 Apr 7.
China is promoting extended producer responsibility (EPR) for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). However, the present EPR policy in China, in fund mode, has been facing the challenge of fund deficit severely since 2016. A new sustainable EPR mode is needed to solve this problem. In this paper, a mandatory recycling EPR mode is designed and studied as a potential solution. A quantitative evaluation system is innovatively established to evaluate the effectiveness of the mode and to compare the new mode to the present mode. The evaluation system first summarizes a supply chain scheme of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in each mode, which describes the life cycle of China's EEE from products to wastes to renewed resources. The supply chain schemes are complex since they contain five to six different stakeholders. Then classical game theory models are applied to the supply chain scheme based on the interaction among different stakeholders to calculate the indicators used for evaluation. At last, the two modes are compared in terms of economic, environmental and social effects in the case of the air-conditioner market. Results show the mandatory recycling mode is similar to the fund mode in economic and social effects. It is more financially sustainable, capable of enabling a higher recycling rate and more beneficial to certified recycling companies. Therefore, applying the recycling obligation mode in the future to maintain the EPR system is recommended.
中国正在推行废旧电子电气设备（WEEE）生产者延伸责任（EPR）制度。然而，自 2016 年以来，现行的中国 EPR 政策在基金模式上面临严重的资金短缺挑战。需要一种新的可持续的 EPR 模式来解决这个问题。本文设计并研究了一种强制性回收 EPR 模式作为潜在的解决方案。创新性地建立了一个定量评估系统来评估该模式的有效性，并将新模式与现行模式进行比较。评估系统首先总结了每种模式下的电气和电子设备（EEE）供应链方案，该方案描述了中国 EEE 从产品到废物再到更新资源的生命周期。由于供应链方案包含五到六个不同的利益相关者，因此方案非常复杂。然后，基于不同利益相关者之间的相互作用，将经典博弈论模型应用于供应链方案，以计算用于评估的指标。最后，以空调市场为例，从经济、环境和社会影响三个方面对两种模式进行了比较。结果表明，强制回收模式在经济和社会影响方面与基金模式相似。它在财务上更具有可持续性，能够实现更高的回收率，并且对认证回收公司更有利。因此，建议在未来采用回收义务模式来维持 EPR 制度。
