Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University in Wroclaw, Borowska 213 Street, 50556, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department and Clinic of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul;277(7):1885-1897. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05968-y. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. The article focused on COVID-19-related information useful in otolaryngologist practice.
The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation", "ENT", and "olfaction".
The most common otolaryngological dysfunctions of COVID-19 were cough, sore throat, and dyspnea. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and dizziness were also present. COVID-19 could manifest as an isolated sudden hyposmia/anosmia. Upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms were commonly observed in younger patients and usually appeared initially. They could be present even before the molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngologists are of great risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 as they cope with URT. ENT surgeons could be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 during performing surgery in COVID-19 patients.
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) symptoms may precede the development of severe COVID-19. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cough, sore throat, dyspnea, hyposmia/anosmia and a history of travel to the region with confirmed COVID-19 patients, should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. An otolaryngologist should wear FFP3/N95 mask, glasses, disposable and fluid resistant gloves and gown while examining such individuals. Not urgent ENT surgeries should be postponed. Additional studies analyzing why some patients develop ENT symptoms during COVID-19 and others do not are needed. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism leading to anosmia.
耳鼻喉科表现是 COVID-19 的常见症状。本研究简要而精确地综述了 COVID-19 的现有知识，包括疾病传播、临床特征、诊断和潜在治疗。本文重点介绍了耳鼻喉科医生实践中有用的 COVID-19 相关信息。
在没有时间限制的情况下，使用“COVID-19”、“SARS-CoV-2”与“耳鼻喉科表现”、“ENT”和“嗅觉”等术语，在 Medline 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了搜索。
COVID-19 最常见的耳鼻喉功能障碍是咳嗽、咽痛和呼吸困难。也存在流涕、鼻塞和头晕。COVID-19 可能表现为孤立的突发性嗅觉减退/丧失。上呼吸道（URT）症状常见于年轻患者，通常首先出现。即使在 SARS-CoV-2 的分子确认之前，它们也可能存在。耳鼻喉科医生在应对 URT 时感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险很大。耳鼻喉科医生在为 COVID-19 患者进行手术时，很容易感染 SARS-CoV-2。
耳鼻喉（ENT）症状可能先于严重 COVID-19 的发展。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，对于咳嗽、咽痛、呼吸困难、嗅觉减退/丧失和有前往已确认 COVID-19 患者地区旅行史的患者，应将其视为潜在的 COVID-19 病例。耳鼻喉科医生在检查此类患者时应佩戴 FFP3/N95 口罩、眼镜、一次性和防流体手套和手术服。应推迟非紧急的耳鼻喉手术。需要进一步的研究来分析为什么一些患者在 COVID-19 期间出现耳鼻喉症状，而另一些患者则没有。需要进一步研究以确定导致嗅觉丧失的机制。
