Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Uppsala University Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2020 Jul-Aug;52(3):211-217. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2020.1755478. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Although opioid maintenance treatment lowers mortality and has proven efficacy in reducing opioid use, it is not an option for every person with an opioid addiction. Studies of the experiences of those who have overcome their addiction without pharmaceuticals are rare, but vital to understanding the quitting process and how it can be facilitated. This study investigated what persons with a previous heroin addiction perceived as helpful when overcoming their addiction without the use of pharmaceuticals, and what they consider important for health services to consider. Eleven adults with former heroin addiction participated. Most described the leaving process as prolonged and including many attempts. Experiences such as being worn out and numb, life-threatening overdoses, personal losses or a growing feeling of missing important stages in life fueled the decision process. Envisioning a future without drugs was described as an important component. To maintain the decision to refrain from heroin use the possibility to gain a new social context was crucial. Results imply that health care professionals should be proactive by seizing the moment of opportunity for change (e.g., after an overdose), and should be empathetic and never give up on a person. Those concerned with care, welfare and other support or control systems in society must cooperate to offer more personalized support.
虽然阿片类药物维持治疗降低了死亡率，并已被证明在减少阿片类药物使用方面有效，但它并不是每个阿片类药物成瘾者的选择。对于那些没有使用药物就克服了毒瘾的人的经历的研究很少，但对于了解戒毒过程以及如何促进戒毒过程至关重要。本研究调查了那些曾经有过海洛因毒瘾的人在没有使用药物的情况下克服毒瘾时认为哪些是有帮助的，以及他们认为卫生服务部门应该考虑哪些因素。11 名曾经有过海洛因毒瘾的成年人参与了研究。大多数人描述说，戒毒过程很漫长，包括多次尝试。他们经历过疲惫和麻木、危及生命的过量用药、个人损失或越来越感到错过生活中重要阶段等，这些都推动了他们的决定过程。对没有毒品的未来的设想被描述为一个重要的组成部分。为了保持不使用海洛因的决定，获得新的社交环境的可能性至关重要。研究结果表明，医疗保健专业人员应该积极主动地抓住改变的机会（例如，在过量用药后），并应该富有同理心，永不放弃一个人。关注护理、福利和其他支持或控制系统的人必须合作，提供更个性化的支持。
