Ahmadi Mojtaba, Mortezapour Alireza, Kalteh Haji Omid, Emadi Atieh, Charati Jamshid Yazdani, Etemadinezhad Siavash
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Feb;17(2):356-361. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.025. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
The people's comprehensibility regarding the meaning of internationally recommended pictograms is an important factor in the correct usage of medications.
To investigate the relationship between the guessability of the pharmaceutical pictograms, the cognitive sign features, and prospective-user factors.
A total of 351 Iranian people participated in this study. Two questionnaires were used to measure guessability and cognitive design features regarding the pharmaceutical pictograms. A single-sheet questionnaire was also developed to collect demographic data.
According to the 67% correctness criterion suggested by ISO 3864:P3, 18 pictograms were understandable by the participants. Moreover, of the five cognitive features, "semantic closeness" and "meaningfulness" had the most correlation with the guessability score. In terms of personal factors, understanding of the pictograms' meaning was negatively correlated with age, while it had no association with the occupation.
Some pharmaceutical pictograms developed by reliable international organizations can be used in a community only after redesigning and testing among the prospective users. The findings indicated that some pharmaceutical pictograms were not comprehensible for most participants. It is therefore expected that using a combination of pictograms with written messages and training could help in conveying the messages by pharmaceutical pictograms.
民众对国际推荐象形图含义的理解程度是正确用药的一个重要因素。
探讨药品象形图的可猜测性、认知符号特征和潜在用户因素之间的关系。
共有351名伊朗人参与了本研究。使用两份问卷来测量药品象形图的可猜测性和认知设计特征。还设计了一份单页问卷来收集人口统计学数据。
根据ISO 3864:P3建议的67%正确率标准，参与者能够理解18个象形图。此外，在五个认知特征中，“语义接近性”和“有意义性”与可猜测性得分的相关性最高。在个人因素方面，对象形图含义的理解与年龄呈负相关，而与职业无关。
一些由可靠国际组织制定的药品象形图，只有在对潜在用户进行重新设计和测试后，才能在社区中使用。研究结果表明，大多数参与者无法理解一些药品象形图。因此，预计将象形图与书面信息及培训相结合，有助于通过药品象形图传达信息。
